Profiles of Victimized Women Among the Child Welfare Population: Implications for Targeted Child Welfare Policy and Practices

Despite the call to address domestic violence along with child maltreatment, little information exists to guide services for victimized women involved with child welfare. Research shows that victimized women contend with multiple problems stemming from violent victimization. Unfortunately less is known about combinations of needs and resources among victimized women, especially for those involved with child welfare. Through an examination of needs and resources among families with child maltreatment and domestic violence, we aimed to help address this knowledge gap. Needs and resources among 1,229 victimized caregivers were examined using the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW). Using latent class analysis, four distinct multivariate profiles of needs and resources among victimized caregivers were identified. Significant differences were found among the profile groups in the family violence they experienced in the 18 months following child welfare investigations. Based on these findings, we discuss implications for tailored practices to enhance the safety of victimized caregivers involved with child welfare. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 9th Annual Conference of the Society for Social Work and Research, Miami, Florida in January 2005.     

Is there a magical time boundary for diagnosing eyewitness identification accuracy in sequential line‐ups?

We examined whether eyewitness identification latencies for sequential line‐up decisions indicate an optimum time boundary that reliably discriminates accurate from inaccurate decisions. Participants (N = 381) observed a crime simulation and attempted two separate identifications from target‐present or target‐absent sequential line‐ups. As has previously been found with simultaneous line‐ups, the optimum time boundary identified did not reliably discriminate accurate from inaccurate identifications for both line‐up targets. Diagnosticity for choosers was, however, much higher at very high confidence levels than at lower levels. Possible reasons for why one index of signal strength (confidence), but not another (latency), might postdict accuracy within the sequential framework were presented.     

SOCIAL SECURITY RETIREMENT BENEFITS The Last Insult of a Sexist Society

An older, divorcing couple rarely has assets worth more than their Social Security rights. After a house and pension/retirement plans, Social Security is their largest "asset." Yet, it is rarely considered by lawyers, mediators, or the parties themselves. A key point, often missed, is that the working spouse receives twice as much Social Security as the nonworking spouse. For many retiring women, getting half as much Social Security as their ex-husbands is just one more insult from a sexist society. Although a nonworking husband will get the same half, the problem is largely one affecting older women, who earned less on average while they worked and who usually took time off to be with the children while the children were growing up. This article looks at Social Security regulations that make this so and how to avoid this unjust result.     

茜草素的抗菌活性与药效试验

用化学合成的茜草素做了体外抑菌试验、体内抗菌活性试验、人工感染猪多杀巴氏杆菌疗效试验、急性毒性试验及临床治疗试验。结果表明,茜草素在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、绿脓杆菌、沙门菌和克雷伯氏菌等均有显著的抑制作用,对后4种病原菌的抑制作用超过了六茜素。在小白鼠体内对大肠埃希氏菌也有非常显著的抗菌作用。对人工感染多杀巴氏杆菌的患病仔猪有显著的治疗作用。小白鼠腹腔注射茜草素的LD50为336 mg/kg。茜草素对临床型乳牛乳腺炎的治愈率为87.5%,总有效率为100%。     

Student privacy rights involving strip searches

The Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution provides protection of all citizens against unreasonable search and seizure. The US Supreme Court has affirmed that the basic purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to safeguard the privacy and security of individuals against unreasonable intrusive searches by governmental officials. Since students possess constitutional rights and public school officials are considered governmental officials for Fourth Amendment purposes, privacy protection is afforded students in public schools within reasonable limits. A reasonable search is one that clearly does not violate the constitutional rights of students. What is reasonable, however, depends on the context within which a search occurs. Strip searches involving students in public schools are the most intrusive form of all searches. Extreme caution should be exercised by school officials regarding these types of searches.     

Congressional Performance,Incumbent Behavior,and Voting in Senate Elections

Conventional wisdom suggests that individual members of Congress have no real incentive to act in ways that might improve public evaluations of their collective body. In particular, the literature provides no clear evidence that public evaluations of Congress affect individual races for Congress, and little reason to expect that voters would hold specific individuals responsible for the institution's performance. We suggest that this conventional wisdom is incorrect. Using multiple state‐level exit polls of Senate voting conducted by Voter News Service in 1996 and 1998, we arrive at two key findings. First, we find that evaluations of Congress do have a significant effect on voting within individual U.S. Senate races across a wide variety of electoral contexts. Second, we find that punishments or rewards for congressional performance are not distributed equally across all members, or even across members of a particular party. Instead, we find that the degree to which citizens hold a senator accountable for congressional performance is significantly influenced by that senator's actual level of support for the majority party in Congress, as demonstrated on party votes.