P300测谎的新取向

现在,P300是研究者使用的最多也是研究的最深入的一种脑电指标。根据实验模式的不同,目前的P300研究可以分为两大类：模拟犯罪模式和自传性信息模式。而目前P300研究的取向则集中在三个方面：一个是关于反测谎对P300的影响;一个则探讨撒谎动机或意向对P300的影响;还有一些研究则集中在将P300与其他脑电指标结合测谎上。如今,P300测谎的实验室研究已经颇有成效,但仍有生态效度不足的缺点。今后P300测谎研究应该以实际生活中的真实犯罪案件或普通人的过失行为为主,提高实验的生态效度及应用性。     

信息社会警务公关危机及应对策略

信息社会中,公安机关成为媒体关注的焦点,这给警务公安带来了严峻的挑战。面对这种挑战,公安机关出现与媒体关系处理不当,反应迟缓、警察形象受到挑战等被动反应。公安机关应做到,全面认知、客观分析形势;创新设备应对机制;巧妙表达公安工作;高效运作。     

The fate of the chemical warfare agent during DNA extraction

Forensic laboratories do not have the infrastructure to process or store contaminated DNA samples that have been recovered from a crime scene contaminated with chemical or biological warfare agents. Previous research has shown that DNA profiles can be recovered from blood exposed to several chemical warfare agents after the agent has been removed. The fate of four toxic agents, sulfur mustard, sodium 2-fluoroacetate, sarin, and diazinon, in a lysis buffer used in Promega DNA IQ extraction protocol was studied to determine if extraction would render the samples safe. Two independent analytical methods were used per agent, selected from GC-MS, 1H NMR, 19F NMR, (31)P NMR, or LC-ES MS. The methods were validated before use. Determinations were carried out in a semi-quantitative way, by direct comparison to standards. Agent levels in the elution buffer were found to be below the detectable limits for mustard, sarin, sodium 2-fluoroacetate or low (<0.02 mg/mL) for diazinon. Therefore, once extracted these DNA samples could be safely processed in a forensic laboratory.     

Law, autonomy and advance directives

The principle of autonomy underpins legal regulation of advance directives that refuse life-sustaining medical treatment. The primacy of autonomy in this domain is recognised expressly in the case law, through judicial pronouncement, and implicitly in most Australian jurisdictions, through enactment into statute of the right to make an advance directive. This article seeks to justify autonomy as an appropriate principle for regulating advance directives and relies on three arguments: the necessity of autonomy in a liberal democracy; the primacy of autonomy in medical ethics discourse; and the uncontested importance of autonomy in the law on contemporaneous refusal of medical treatment. This article also responds to key criticisms that autonomy is not an appropriate organising principle to underpin legal regulation of advance directives.     

论警察人权的保障

警察作为一个特殊的社会群体,其人权状况不容乐观。警察执行公务过程中的人权受损现象未有改观,警察人权潜在的受损状况日益突出。构建和谐社会必须高度重视警察人权保障工作。保障警察人权的核心是树立＂以警为本＂的全新理念,以此为指导创新警察人权保障机制,建立专门的警察人权监督保障组织,建立健全法律法规和相关制度,加强舆论宣传,提高警察的自我维权意识。     

Confessions of a Criminal Psychopath: an Analysis of the Robert Pickton Cell-Plant

Police interrogation methods have changed over time. While traditional techniques relied on violence and physical torture, modern techniques have shifted toward psychological coercion and manipulation. These techniques, most widely known as parts of The Reid Technique, have proven to be a powerful way to elicit confessions of guilt from suspected criminals. Authors of the Reid Technique claim that when applied correctly, their methods lead to significant increases in police confession rates. But, these techniques are not universally useful. In addition to eliciting false confessions, the Reid Technique has been less effective on psychopaths—who are self-centered, manipulative, and lack empathy. Psychopaths can be resistant to these methods, which rely on the interrogator’s ability to induce fear, anxiety, and feelings of remorse in the suspect. When confronted with a criminal psychopath, interrogators face unique challenges requiring a different approach to interrogation. To show this, we analyze the cell plant video of an undercover officer who obtained a serial murder confession from Robert Pickton by appealing to his narcissism. We conclude by offering a few additional strategies that can be used by investigators when interrogating psychopaths.     

Enhancing judicial skills in domestic violence cases: the development,implementation, and preliminary evaluation of a model US programme

ABSTRACT

The overwhelming number and complexity of domestic violence cases in criminal and family courts has resulted in the development of education programmes to assist judges. There is limited research on judicial education in this area. This paper reviews one such initiative entitled ‘Enhancing Judicial Skills in Domestic Violence Cases’ (EJS) that has been developed and implemented over the last 20 years by the National Judicial Institute on Domestic Violence, a partnership of the US Department of Justice Office on Violence Against Women, National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges and Futures Without Violence. We present findings of a preliminary evaluation of the programme based on the self-reports of 480 judges who had taken the four-day workshop between 2006 and 2010. Overall, judges reported the programme to be engaging and effective. At a six-month follow‐up, most of the judges identified specific benefits and behavior changes in the areas of access to justice, judicial leadership, victim safety, and abuser accountability as a result of participating in the programme. Critical issues in judicial education are highlighted based on the authors’ experiences in the development and implementation of this programme.     

Parenting interventions for incarcerated parents to improve parenting knowledge and skills,parent well-being,and quality of the parent–child relationship: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives

To systematically review and quantitatively synthesize the evidence for the impact of parenting interventions for incarcerated parents on parenting knowledge and skills, parent well-being, and quality of the parent–child relationship.

Methods

A systematic search of 19 published and unpublished literature sources was conducted between June and July 2015 (with no date, language, document type, or geographical restrictions). Studies were included if they: (a) utilized a sample of parents who completed a parenting intervention in an incarceration setting; (b) measured parenting knowledge and skills, parent well-being, or quality of the parent–child relationship as outcome measures; and (c) employed a randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental design with no treatment, waitlist control, or treatment-as-usual as the comparison condition. Two review authors independently determined study eligibility and extracted data from eligible studies, which included rating the risk of bias for each eligible study. Meta-analysis was used to synthesize standardized effect sizes, and subgroup analyses were used to examine the moderating effect of parent gender, level of child involvement, and research design.

Results

Twenty-two studies were eligible for inclusion in the review; however, only 16 studies (N = 2292) reported sufficient data for inclusion in the meta-analyses. Parenting interventions were more effective at post-intervention for improving parenting knowledge and skills than no treatment, waitlist control, or treatment-as-usual [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28, 1.06] and quality of the parent–child relationship (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI 0.02, 0.51), but not for improving parent well-being (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI ?0.03, 0.30). There was significant heterogeneity across effect sizes for both parenting knowledge and skills and quality of the parent–child relationship outcome domains. There were no statistically significant differences between subgroups, and the effectiveness of parenting interventions was not maintained at follow-up time-points.

Conclusions

Existing evidence suggests small to moderate effectiveness for parenting interventions during incarceration at close to intervention completion. Further methodologically robust research is required to more confidently establish the effectiveness of parenting programs both in the short-term and in the post-release period.

     

Capital formation and government capital policy in developing economies

Readings in the History of Economic Growth. By E. M. Falkus. Oxford University Press, Nairobi. 1968. Pp. 391. U.K. price 40s.

Economic Growth in Japan and the U.S.S.R. By Angus Maddison. George Allen and Unwin, London. 1969. Pp. 174. 35s, paper 18s.

Economic Growth: The Japanese Experience since the Meiji Era. By Lawrence Klein and Kazushi Ohkawa. (Publication of the Economic Growth Centre, Yale University.) Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, III. 1968. Pp. 424. $8.50.

Stratagems and Spoils. A Social Anthropology of Politics. By F. G. Bailey. Basil Blackwell, Oxford. 1969. Pp. xiv, 240. 36s. (18s. paperback.)

Issues in the Future of Asia. Ed. by Richard Lowenthal. Praeger, London. 1969. Pp. xi, 177. No index. 50s.

District Voting Trends in India‐a Research Tool. By Craig Baxter. Southern Asian Institute, School of International Affairs, Columbia University, New York. 1969. Pp. 378. 50s.

History of Kenya's Trade Union Movement to 1952. By Makhan Singh. East African Publishing House, Nairobi. 1969. Pp. 320. Index. EASh 56.00.

Toward ‘Uhuru’ in Tanzania: The Politics of Participation. By G. Andrew Maguire. Cambridge University Press. 1969. Pp. xxix, 403. £4.50.

Political Development in Rural Tanzania: A West Lake Study. By Goran Hyden. East African Publishing House. 1969. Pp. 282. Limp, E.A. sh.2l.00, $3 or £1 8s. Cased, E.A. sh.42.00, 57 or £2 10s.

Portrait of a Nationalist: The Life of Ali Migeyo as told to G. R. Mutahaba. Historical Association of Tanzania Paper No. 6. East African Publishing House. 1969. Pp. 28. E.A. sh.2.50.

The Agricultural Development of Argentina. A Policy and Development Perspective. By Darrell F. Fienup, Russell H. Brannon and Frank A. Fender. Praeger, New York. 1969. Pp. xxxvii, 437. No index. £7 6s.

An Introduction to Argentina. By Robert J. Alexander. Pall Mall Press, London. 1969. Pp. ix, 197. Index. £2 14s.

Planning and Productivity under Soviet Socialism. By Abram Bergson. Columbia University Press, New York and London. 1968. Pp. 95. No index. 36s.

Settlement Schemes in Tropical Africa. A Study of Organization and Development. By Robert Chambers. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. 1969. Pp. xxv, 294. Index. 55s.

Fiscal Policy in Under‐developed Countries. By Raja J. Chelliah. George Allen and Unwin, London. 1969. Second edition. Pp. 216. 35s. (cloth) and 20s. (paper).

Capitalism, Primitive and Modern: Some Aspects of Tolai Economic Growth. By T. Scarlett Epstein. Manchester University Press. 1968. Pp. xxiv, 182. Index. Bibliography. 28 tables. 5 maps. Plates. 45s.

African Integration and Disintegration. Ed. by Arthur Hazlewood. Case Studies in Economic and Political Union. Oxford University Press, London. Pp. xii, 414. 75s.

Economic Integration among Developing Countries. By F. Kahnert, P. Richards, E. Stoutjesdijk and P. Thomopoulos. O.E.C.D. Development Centre, Paris. Pp. 162. 27s. 6d.

Turkey, the Challenge of Growth. By Z. Y. Hershlag. E. J. Brill, Leiden. 1968. Second edition. Pp. xviii, 406. Index. 86 guilders.

An Economic Profile of Mainland China. Joint Economic Committee of the U.S. Congress, with a Foreword by Senator William Proxmire. Praeger Special Studies in International Economics and Development. Praeger, New York. 1968. Pall Mall Press, London. 1969. Pp. 604. $18.50 and 155s.

The Spatial Economy of Communist China. By Tuan‐li Wu with H. C. Ling and Grace Hsiaolok. Published for the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, by Frederick A. Praeger, New York. Pall Mall Press, London. 1967. Pp. vii, 367. $10.

Capital Formation and Economic Development in Mexico. By Joseph S. La Cascia. Praeger, New York. 1969. Pp. xix, 191. No index. £6 5s.

Economic and Social Development Plan for Eastern Thrace (Turkey). By the Ministry of Reconstruction and Resettlement, Turkey, and the Association Bretonne de Géographie Appliquée, France. Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, Paris. 1968. Pp. 165. No index. 20 maps and diagrams. Tables. $2.50.

Economic Planning in Turkey. By Z. Y. Hershlag. The Economic Research Foundation (P.O.B. 423, Beyoglu), Istanbul. 1968. Pp. 75, No index. $2.00.

Economic Policy‐Making and Development in Brazil 1947–1964. By Nathaniel H. Leff. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1968. Pp. xi, 201. Tables. Index. $79.

Regional Economic Growth: Theory and Policy. By Horst Siebert. International Textbook Company. 1969.

The Soviet Economy. By Alec Nove. George Allen and Unwin, London. 1968. 3^rd revised edition. Pp. 373. Index. 28s. (paper).

The Soviet Economy. By Nicolas Spulber. W. W. Norton, New York. 1969. Revised edition. Pp. xiv, 329. Index. $8.95.

Evaluating the Results of Foreign Policy: Soviet and Amercian Efforts in India. By Richard L. Siegel. The Social Science Foundation and Graduate School of International Studies Monograph Series in World Affairs, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado. Volume 6, Monograph No. A—1968–69, Pp. 35.

Economic Development and Structural Change. Edited by I. G. Stewart. Edinburgh University Press. Pp. 193. 1969. 50s.

International Economics. By Sidney J. Wells. George Allen and Unwin, London. 1969. Pp. 332. 48s.