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The human subjects protection committee is the principal legal mechanism for protecting the rights and welfare of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research. In this article the author explores the influence of variations in the structure of the review process and in the composition and operating procedures of the committees on committee performance. He also assesses revisions in the review process proposed by the National Commission on the Protection of Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. 相似文献
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Community Support and Diversionary Measures for Juvenile Offenders in Hong Kong: Old Legacy, New Age
This paper begins by examining the arguments that led to the change of emphasis from residential training and detention to community-based measures in Hong Kong. Police cautioning and community support services are introduced. An evaluation of the services provided found that the majority of respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with them. It is likely that the services exerted positive influences on the respondents’ deviant behaviour, family values and sense of social responsibility, but one-fifth of them continued to commit deviant acts. Parents’ participation was not high. Young offenders rarely took responsibility for the offence they committed or understood the harm they had done to victims, and victims were not involved in deciding the intervention plan. The conclusions raise issues about the future for Hong Kong. They consider new diversionary strategies for responding to young people and debate the values that should underpin them.
相似文献
T. Wing LoEmail: Phone: +852-2-7888986Fax: +852-2-7888960 |
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A rapid urinalysis system based on SPE-LC-MS/MS with an in-house post-analysis data management system has been developed for the simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation of opiates (morphine, codeine), methadone, amphetamines (amphetamine, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)), 11-benzodiazepines or their metabolites and ketamine. The urine samples are subjected to automated solid phase extraction prior to analysis by LC-MS (Finnigan Surveyor LC connected to a Finnigan LCQ Advantage) fitted with an Alltech Rocket Platinum EPS C-18 column. With a single point calibration at the cut-off concentration for each analyte, simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation for the above mentioned drugs can be achieved in a 10 min run per urine sample. A computer macro-program package was developed to automatically retrieve appropriate data from the analytical data files, compare results with preset values (such as cut-off concentrations, MS matching scores) of each drug being analyzed and generate user-defined Excel reports to indicate all positive and negative results in batch-wise manner for ease of checking. The final analytical results are automatically copied into an Access database for report generation purposes. Through the use of automation in sample preparation, simultaneous identification and semi-quantitation by LC-MS/MS and a tailored made post-analysis data management system, this new urinalysis system significantly improves the quality of results, reduces the post-data treatment time, error due to data transfer and is suitable for high-throughput laboratory in batch-wise operation. 相似文献
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Much research on adolescent delinquency pivots on the notion of peer influence. The peer effect that is typically employed
emphasizes the transmission of behaviors and attitudes between adolescents who are directly linked. In this paper, we argue
that to rely solely on those direct social ties to capture peer influence oversimplifies the realities of adolescent society.
We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to show that indirect peer relations can exercise independent
influences on adolescent delinquency. Adolescents actively draw on the examples of friends of friends, and even more distal
peers, as they develop their repertoires of action and identity. We argue, however, that this behavior actually reflects adolescents’
ongoing struggle to impress their closest friends and to preserve their social circle. Indeed, the extent to which adolescents
are willing to model the behavior of indirect contacts seems to decline as that behavior becomes more dissimilar from that
of their close friends. Our findings dovetail with an account of the adolescent as a rational actor who struggles for social
acceptance in a complex peer environment which offers conflicting behavioral models.
相似文献
Danielle C. PayneEmail: |