A principal-agent approach to a self-administered organization with an elected principal

We consider a self-administered organization characterized by a principal elected by the agents of the organization. Conditions are established under which self-administration leads to either stronger or weaker incentives in comparison to an organization which only pursues exogenous objectives. While the output of the organization is controlled by the effort of the agents and by nature, the pay-off of the principal also includes rents from office. Generally, two different contractual regimes can be observed: either a hard regime with strong incentives and low fixed payments, or a soft regime with weak incentives and high fixed payments.     

德语圈海外人类学的中国研究

德国人类学是在18世纪末19世纪初的启蒙运动直接影响之下形成的一门学科,德语圈国家是文化传播学派的发祥地,历史人类学的研究在德语国家有着悠久的传统.历史上出现过3 位既有较大影响,又有着不同学术背景的研究中国的德语圈国家的人类学家:巴斯蒂安(Adolf Bastian)、洛克(Joseph F.Rock)和艾伯华(Wolfram Eberhard).中国民族和中国文化的研究虽然在德语圈人类学研究中不占中心的地位,但也不乏自己的一席之地,并产生了较为丰富的成果.     

Nominating women for Europe: Exploring the role of political parties' recruitment procedures for European Parliament elections

Drawing on an original dataset covering more than 100 political parties in over 20 European Union Member States, this article analyses how political recruitment procedures affect the proportion of women nominated on party lists in the context of the 2009 European Parliament elections. The findings show that the inclusiveness of the selectorates in the early stage of candidate selection processes is a key determinant of the representativeness of lists regarding their gender composition. Moreover, it is found that neither territorial centralisation nor the inclusiveness of the selectorate in the later stage of candidate selection play a significant role. The key to the puzzle, therefore, lies in the composition of the initial pool of potential candidates and those who make initial nominations.