The Limits of Judicial Desegregation Remedies after Missouri v. Jenkins

How far can federal courts go to remedy unconstitutional segregation?In Missouri v. Jenkins in 1990, the U. S. Supreme Court appearedto add new taxing powers to the existing tools already availableto the judiciary. By a 5–4 vote, the Court affirmed court-orderedtaxation to fund an elaborate and expensive desegregation planfor the Kansas City, Missouri, School District. This articleexamines that decision, how it developed, what it said, howit was received, and, most important, what its long-term significancemay be. We argue that the "new" judicial taxing authority sanctionedin the decision may not prove nearly as important as at firstanticipated In the long run, Missouri v. Jenkins may prove mostsignificant for the questions about desegregation remedies raisedby Justice Anthony Kennedy in a dissenting opinion. Those questionscould presage a more skeptical Court outlook on substantiveschool desegregation remedies, at least where those remediescall for additional public funding, as well as greater Courtdeference to the outcomes of state-local political processes.     

Measuring Disparity in Government Procurement: Problems with Using Census Data in Estimating Availability

The Supreme Court's ruling in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson (1989) has restricted the use of government procurement assistance programs for minorities and women without the prerequisite support of a disparity study. Recently, an increasing number of disparity studies have been rejected by the courts as "junk science" and the related programs have been ruled unconstitutional. A central issue in these cases has been the approach used to estimate the availability of minority and women firms. Data from the Economic Census are commonly used as the basis for these availability estimates. However, there are significant problems and limitations with the Census data relative to the Croson guideline that the availability of women and minority firms should reflect the number of qualified, willing, and able firms. Given the number and difficulty of the required adjustments to the Census data, it is unlikely that these data will provide availability estimates that are accurate enough to allow for valid statistical tests of an inference of discriminatory exclusion. If minimizing court challenges is a goal of the public administrator who is responsible for the program, then the recommendation here is that a primary source of availability data should be considered. Furthermore, the information system needed to support the women and minority assistance programs should be designed and installed prior to initiating the program.     

和谐社会视域中的雷锋精神

雷锋精神曾经唱响了时代最强音,培育了文明道德风尚,对于当今和谐社会的构建依然具有必要性与可能性.雷锋精神既是经济、政治、文化与社会建设的道德需要,又是人们精神追求、人格提升的价值需要,同时也是社会和谐的重要精神纽带.弘扬雷锋精神,要坚持把握雷锋精神实质与拓宽实践内容的统一、坚持立足本职工作与勇担社会责任的统一,以及坚持学习活动组织化与实际践行日常生活化的统一.     

从引进到集成：技术能力成长路径转变研究——“天花板”效应与中国企业的应对策略

技术引进对我国的技术追赶和经济发展发挥了重要作用,但随着技术的成功引进和企业的快速成长,国外同行日益感受到竞争压力,对中方技术转让趋向保守,技术引进的"天花板"效应逐步显现,中国企业面临由引进拉动转向创新驱动的严峻挑战.通过调研发现,技术集成正在替代技术引进的传统地位,成为实现自主创新和技术能力成长的重要途径;分析了"天花板"效应的产生及其影响,研究了技术能力成长路径转变的机制.研究表明,中国企业自身能力的成长是路径转变的内在条件,而近年来第三方技术源,尤其是研发服务公司的大量涌现是路径转变的外部条件,技术集成通过"干中学"促成中国企业系统开发能力成长,推动关键技术导向的技术学习和研究开发,从而形成集成创新与能力成长的良性互动,这对于实现从引进拉动向创新驱动的技术跨越具有重要的战略意义.     

平衡与融合——解读法官释明制度

在民事诉讼中,法官释明制度不是某种诉讼模式的应有之意,也不是某个诉讼原则的当然内容。相反,它是民事诉讼价值追求多元化的体现,是各种看似对立的原则、模式、权利(权力)之间平衡与融合的结果。只有从根本上改变传统的思维方式,放弃对绝对“中心”的诉求,我们才能真正全面地理解法官释明制度的实质。     

From Interactional Justice to Citizenship Behaviors: Role Enlargement or Role Discretion?

An organizational field study examined the mechanisms through which supervisors’ interactional justice influences employees’ individual-directed organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Although, previous research supports the relationship between interactional fairness and OCBs, the mechanisms of operation remain unclear. Separate frameworks, based on role enlargement and role discretion exist, with no prior attempts to compare them. In this study, I examine two competitive models, (a) a role enlargement model, using employees’ role definitions as a mediator and (b) a role discretion model, using employees’ role definitions as a moderator. The results, based on data collected from 141 employee-manager dyads in a work organization, confirm that role definitions moderate the relationships between interactional justice and OCBs. The findings are discussed to derive theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research.     

MiniFiler试剂盒运用于法医微量物证的检验

目的应用MiniFiler试剂盒对法医微量物证进行DNA分析。方法采用MiniFiler试剂盒对样本进行DNA分型,确定样本9个STR基因座的等位基因型。结果10pg DNA模板经MiniFiler试剂盒扩增后,能够进行DNA分型,但40pg以上的DNA方可得到稳定可靠的分型结果。结论MiniFiler试剂盒可以用于法医微量物证的STR分析。     

猝死与冠状动脉肌桥

冠状动脉肌桥临床上的表现，血管造影，诊断以及治疗得到医生的普遍认可，但在导致猝死尚还没有引起法医同仁的注意。通过复习相关的文献，本文主要对冠状动脉肌桥的研究状况、致死机制以及由此引起猝死的病理特点等进行阐述。