Decentralization in the Czech Republic: The European Union, Political Parties, and the Creation of Regional Assemblies

This study begins with an exploration of the external (EuropeanUnion) and internal (Czech political parties) forces that shapedthe creation of regional assemblies in the Czech Republic. Theinstitutional and administrative requirements of EU regionalpolicy served as a catalyst for the creation of Czech regionalgovernments. Domestic struggles over decentralization, particularlyamong Czech political parties, are reflected in the number andboundaries of the regions as well as in the slow transfer ofpolicy competences from the national government to regionalgovernments. This study also examines the November 2000 regionalelections and places the results in the context of the 2002parliamentary elections. Party support clustered by region,but the position that parties took on the creation of regionalassemblies did not impact electoral success in the regionalelections, nor did party success or failure in the regionalelections forecast electoral fortunes in the parliamentary elections.The regional and national elections reflected low voter turnout,relatively strong support for the Communist party, and a dramaticrise and fall of party coalitions.     

湖南法治政府：思想源流、路径选择与制度创新

湖湘法律文化源远流长,具有经世济民的时代精神、心忧天下的家国情怀、敢为人先的创造意识以及服务大众的民本思想。湖南法治政府建设在传承湖湘丰富法律资源的基础上,创新发展模式,以政府为主导,以程序为重点,以政治家与法学家的结合为方法,以阳光政府为价值追求,创立了法治政府建设的“湖南模式”,并在行政决策、规范性文件的制定、执法程序、行政公开、责任追究等制度建设方面推陈出新,使湖南法治政府建设走在了全国的前沿。     

Measuring Disparity in Government Procurement: Problems with Using Census Data in Estimating Availability

The Supreme Court's ruling in City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson (1989) has restricted the use of government procurement assistance programs for minorities and women without the prerequisite support of a disparity study. Recently, an increasing number of disparity studies have been rejected by the courts as "junk science" and the related programs have been ruled unconstitutional. A central issue in these cases has been the approach used to estimate the availability of minority and women firms. Data from the Economic Census are commonly used as the basis for these availability estimates. However, there are significant problems and limitations with the Census data relative to the Croson guideline that the availability of women and minority firms should reflect the number of qualified, willing, and able firms. Given the number and difficulty of the required adjustments to the Census data, it is unlikely that these data will provide availability estimates that are accurate enough to allow for valid statistical tests of an inference of discriminatory exclusion. If minimizing court challenges is a goal of the public administrator who is responsible for the program, then the recommendation here is that a primary source of availability data should be considered. Furthermore, the information system needed to support the women and minority assistance programs should be designed and installed prior to initiating the program.     

国际刑事法院的司法能动主义:实践、反思及限制

国际刑事法院对《罗马规约》近年来的解释中呈现出司法能动主义的趋势,即背离约文的字面含义和立法者的原意,扩张国际刑事法院管辖下犯罪的定义和可受理案件的范围。国际刑法的混合性质、先前国际刑事法庭的司法能动主义政策以及《罗马规约》适用法条款和解释规则的不确定性都是导致国际刑事法院司法能动主义的原因。作为非经授权的司法立法行为,国际刑事法院的司法能动主义不但违背国家主权原则和罪刑法定主义,而且损害了国际社会通过其追究国际犯罪的信心。构建对其司法能动主义进行规制的关键在于厘清和协调《维也纳条约法公约》中的解释规则、罪刑法定原则下的严格解释以及存疑有利于被告解释方法三者在《罗马规约》解释中的适用范围及适用关系。     

法国咖啡馆文化浅探

在很多的法国影片中,我们都可以看到这样的场景:大大小小的咖啡馆和露天咖啡座点缀在法国的大街小巷,法国人在其间悠闲自在地喝着咖啡,聊着天,读书或者看着来来往往的行人.     

和谐社会视域中的雷锋精神

雷锋精神曾经唱响了时代最强音,培育了文明道德风尚,对于当今和谐社会的构建依然具有必要性与可能性.雷锋精神既是经济、政治、文化与社会建设的道德需要,又是人们精神追求、人格提升的价值需要,同时也是社会和谐的重要精神纽带.弘扬雷锋精神,要坚持把握雷锋精神实质与拓宽实践内容的统一、坚持立足本职工作与勇担社会责任的统一,以及坚持学习活动组织化与实际践行日常生活化的统一.     

论马克思自然观的当代价值

马克思主义理论博大精深,自然观是其中极为重要的思想,在当代生态环境危机日益严重的今天,重新审视马克思的自然观非常必要。文章通过对马克思自然概念的历史考察,诠释了马克思自然观的基本内容：人在自然界中具有双重地位、人与自然的发展是相互协调发展、人与自然的关系和人与人的关系是内在统一的;并分析了马克思生态自然观对我国生态文明建设的理论价值和实践意义。     

从引进到集成：技术能力成长路径转变研究——“天花板”效应与中国企业的应对策略

技术引进对我国的技术追赶和经济发展发挥了重要作用,但随着技术的成功引进和企业的快速成长,国外同行日益感受到竞争压力,对中方技术转让趋向保守,技术引进的"天花板"效应逐步显现,中国企业面临由引进拉动转向创新驱动的严峻挑战.通过调研发现,技术集成正在替代技术引进的传统地位,成为实现自主创新和技术能力成长的重要途径;分析了"天花板"效应的产生及其影响,研究了技术能力成长路径转变的机制.研究表明,中国企业自身能力的成长是路径转变的内在条件,而近年来第三方技术源,尤其是研发服务公司的大量涌现是路径转变的外部条件,技术集成通过"干中学"促成中国企业系统开发能力成长,推动关键技术导向的技术学习和研究开发,从而形成集成创新与能力成长的良性互动,这对于实现从引进拉动向创新驱动的技术跨越具有重要的战略意义.