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351.
Brad K. Blitz 《Citizenship Studies》2007,11(4):383-404
This study explores the effects of political restructuring on citizenship in contemporary Russia by examining the impact of decentralisation on freedom of movement in Moscow. It seeks to explain why, in spite of the change of regime and delegation of authority from federal to regional government, there has been a marked continuity in the practice of residency controls that restrict freedom of movement. It investigates the conditions for skilled migrants who wish to settle in Moscow and examines how the deconcentration of authority over residency policy has produced new inequalities such as access to essential services, employment, and the property market which have effectively created new classes of citizenship based on differentiated options for mobility. The range of options is determined by geographical location, place of residence, occupational status, and political engagement, and is illustrated by three types of citizenship: (1) full Muscovite status; (2) conditional subjects; and (3) resident participants. The empirical basis for this study draws upon data gathered during field visits to Moscow in January 2005 and winter 2006 when interviews (n = 36) and focus groups (four) were conducted with migrants from other regions and employers. 相似文献
352.
This research provides helpful information for those who evaluate police performance. While researchers commonly espouse the
merit of using more than one form of research police evaluation often involves citizen surveys exclusively. Demographic factors
and the “halo effect” can influence police evaluations, particularly in rural communities which are especially vulnerable
to political agendas and personal relationships that can skew survey data. Our research finds that while citizens generally
evaluate police favorably, a high percentage of “don't know” responses suggest that citizens are not prepared to evaluate
all aspects of police services. Furthermore, police evaluator observation reveals that police services were inadequate, both
within the organization of the department and the patrol practices. Finally, some questions, not traditionally included in
police evaluation surveys reveal high levels of fear among citizens. These inconsistencies question the exclusive use of citizen
surveys and may indicate indirect evidence of a “halo effect”. A conscientious effort to combine quantitative and qualitative
measures may better capture relevant information concerning the quality of police services.
Authors' Note: Loreen Wolfer, Ph.D., and Thomas E. Baker, M.S., M.ED., are Assistant Professors in the Department of Sociology/Criminal
Justice, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510. This research was supported by a federal grant, number, ORI# FBI ID #
PA 040-2500, U.S. Department of Justice (Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services (COPS). Points of view or opinions
expressed here do not necessarily represent the official position of U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice
or the COPS office 相似文献
353.
Laura F. Salazar James G. Emshoff Charlene K. Baker Terrence Crowley 《Journal of family violence》2007,22(7):631-641
One goal of a coordinated community response (CCR) to domestic violence is to create an infrastructure that will facilitate
systems-level, and ultimately societal-level change. This study evaluated whether a CCR implemented in two counties in Georgia
would be effective at increasing criminal justice system sanctions for male domestic violence offenders (i.e., arrests, prosecutions,
convictions, sentencing, and referrals to batterer intervention programs). Time series analyses revealed that, in both counties,
there was a significant increase in arrests of male offenders; however, law enforcement agencies also arrested more women
following the intervention. More men were sentenced to probation and to attend a batterer’s intervention program post-intervention
in one county; in the second county, there was no change in these outcomes. Results highlight the importance of examining
how a CCR may affect the behavior of criminal justice systems, especially in terms of the unintended consequences for women. 相似文献
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Ross K. Baker 《Political science quarterly》2002,117(4):668-669
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