Fraud against European Public Funds

This article considers the approach adopted towards the fight against fraud within the European Union. It considers the role(s) of the various agencies at both a transnational and national level. It concludes that it is impossible to effectively fight transnational fraud across fifteen different legal systems. There is an urgent need for the “Corpus Juris” proposals to be adopted so that a defined European legal space can be created which is able to deal with crimes against the European budget. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Historical changes in the Canadian university presidency: An empirical analysis of changes in length of service and experience since 1840

The number of Canadian university presidents terminated by their Boards of Governors has increased dramatically. Examining this phenomenon requires situating it in its historical context, yet there has been little empirical work. This study examines the total length of service and the average years of experience of presidents at 102 Canadian institutions. The analysis runs from 1840 until 2011 and shows that presidents spend much less time in office than was historically the case. The percentage of women serving in these roles increased during the 1980s reaching approximately 20% in the mid‐1990s and has since remained at that level. The recent increase in terminations and early departures are discussed in light of the changing nature of the university presidency.