全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1071篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 55篇 |
工人农民 | 40篇 |
世界政治 | 107篇 |
外交国际关系 | 130篇 |
法律 | 472篇 |
中国政治 | 4篇 |
政治理论 | 325篇 |
综合类 | 9篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 28篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 35篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 38篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 151篇 |
2012年 | 35篇 |
2011年 | 54篇 |
2010年 | 38篇 |
2009年 | 40篇 |
2008年 | 38篇 |
2007年 | 26篇 |
2006年 | 35篇 |
2005年 | 41篇 |
2004年 | 42篇 |
2003年 | 40篇 |
2002年 | 28篇 |
2001年 | 17篇 |
2000年 | 26篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 15篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1142条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
991.
Changes to elected leadership in Australian local government have seen greater authority assigned to mayors in several jurisdictions. A Discussion Paper recently released under the auspices of the Australian Centre for Excellence in Local Government (ACELG) has recommended further reforms, arguing inter alia that mayors ought to enjoy a personal mandate and a stronger strategic role. This paper places these suggested reforms into context by developing a typology of local government leadership from political theory. We argue that this quadrilateral typology provides a critical portrait of recommendations for stronger leadership which, in this instance, have been transposed from two unitary systems of government (England and New Zealand) to the Australian federal system, without due consideration of the literature examining stronger mayoral roles. It is argued that caution should be exercised when redrafting legislation governing mayoral authority, a process presently underway in New South Wales (NSW). 相似文献
992.
Disordered eating behaviors and substance use are two risk factors for the development of serious psychopathology and health
concerns in adulthood. Despite the negative outcomes associated with these risky behaviors, few studies have examined potential
associations between these risk factors as they occur during adolescence. The importance of accurate or inaccurate weight
perception among adolescents has received increased interest given documented associations with nutritional beliefs and weight
management strategies. This study examined the associations among the perceptions of weight and substance use with disordered
eating behaviors among a diverse sample of normal weight and overweight adolescent males and females. Data came from the 2007
National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The sample consisted of 11,103 adolescents (53.4% female; 44% Caucasian, 21% African
American; 13% Hispanic; age responses ranged from 12 and under to 18 and over), with 31.5% meeting criteria for being either
at-risk for obesity or already obese (i.e., overweight). As hypothesized, overestimation of weight among normal weight adolescents
and accurate perceptions of weight among overweight adolescents were associated with higher rates of disordered eating behaviors.
In normal weight adolescents, use of all three substances (tobacco, binge drinking, and cocaine) was associated with each
disordered eating behavior. In contrast, findings revealed differences for overweight adolescents between the type of substance
use and disordered eating behavior. Post hoc analyses revealed that gender moderated some of these relationships among overweight
individuals. Implications for the development and implementation of secondary prevention programs aimed at reducing disordered
eating behaviors, substance use, and obesity risk among normal and overweight adolescents are considered. 相似文献
993.
Incentives to cultivate a personal reputation encourage legislators to generate policy outcomes for which they can claim credit. We show that these incentives make themselves felt in international agreements – a domain that might typically be considered within the purview of the executive branch. Through a cross-national analysis and brief case studies, we show that countries with electoral systems that encourage personal vote seeking are more likely to negotiate exceptions to treaties meant to liberalize their investment environments. Legislators benefit by being able to claim credit for having protected their constituents from the competition an unrestricted agreement would entail. 相似文献
994.
Jae A. Puckett Brian A. Feinstein Michael E. Newcomb Brian Mustanski 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2018,47(4):872-889
Minority stress, or the unique stressors encountered by sexual minorities, has a significant impact on the mental health and well-being of this population. One minority stressor, internalized heterosexism, refers to incorporating stigma against sexual minorities into one’s self-concept as a product of social bias. This minority stressor has been consistently related to worse mental health in sexual minorities. We evaluated experiences of internalized heterosexism longitudinally, over 24 months, in a sample of 450 young men who have sex with men (YMSM; age range?=?16–20 years old at baseline). Latent class growth analyses revealed three classes: individuals with low-decreasing internalized heterosexism (57.1%), medium-stable internalized heterosexism (37.3%), and high-stable internalized heterosexism (5.6%). Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that some racial/ethnic minorities, non-gay identified individuals (i.e., bisexual/other), and individuals with less femininity and greater masculinity were significantly more likely to be in the medium- and high-stable internalized heterosexism classes. Higher victimization, as well as lower gay/bisexual community involvement, peer support, and outness predicted membership in the medium-stable internalized heterosexism class (relative to the low-decreasing class). Further, higher past 6-month victimization and lower outness were also predictive of high-stable internalized heterosexism class membership (relative to the low-decreasing class). These findings reveal that there is not a single trajectory of internalized heterosexism—the degree to which it changes differs across men and depends on demographic characteristics and interpersonal experiences. Furthermore, the results indicate interpersonal targets for future work aimed at promoting positive identity development and decreased internalized heterosexism for sexual minority youth. 相似文献
995.
Nathan Daniel Doty Brian L. B. Willoughby Kristin M. Lindahl Neena M. Malik 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2010,39(10):1134-1147
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (“LGB”) youth may face significant stressors related to their sexual orientation. Few studies, however, have examined youth’s experiences of support for coping with these stressors. The current study compared LGB youth’s perceptions of support for sexuality stress to their support for other types of problems. The links between sexuality stress, sexuality support, and emotional distress were also examined. Ninety-eight LGB youth (ages 18–21, 33% female) rated support from family, heterosexual friends, and sexual minority friends for dealing with problems related, and not related, to their sexuality. From family and heterosexual friends, support for sexuality stress was less available than support for other stressors. Sexual minority friends provided the highest levels of sexuality support. In regression analyses, higher levels of sexuality support related to decreased emotional distress and buffered against the negative effects of sexuality stress on emotional distress. Sexuality support, although less available than other types of support, may be especially relevant to mental health among LGB youth. 相似文献
996.
997.
Are there conditions under which minority bureaucrats are less likely to provide active representation? The authors address this question by testing the link between passive and active representation for race in a police department and in the particular instance of racial profiling. Literature from three areas—racial profiling, representative bureaucracy, and police socialization—is brought together. The findings support the hypothesis that organizational socialization can hinder the link between passive and active representation. Furthermore, the authors find that the presence of black police officers is related to an increase in racial profiling in the division. This finding was unexpected and raises several important questions regarding active representation and race. 相似文献
998.
Brian W. Head 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2008,67(1):1-11
This article discusses recent trends to incorporate the results of systematic research (or ‘evidence’) into policy development, program evaluation and program improvement. This process is consistent with the New Public Management (NPM) emphasis on efficiency and effectiveness. Analysis of evidence helps to answer the questions ‘what works? and ‘what happens if we change these settings?’ Secondly, some of the well known challenges and limitations for ‘evidence‐based’ policy are outlined. Policy decisions emerge from politics, judgement and debate, rather than being deduced from empirical analysis. Policy debate and analysis involves an interplay between facts, norms and desired actions, in which ‘evidence’ is diverse and contestable. Thirdly, the article outlines a distinction between technical and negotiated approaches to problem‐solving. The latter is a prominent feature of policy domains rich in ‘network’ approaches, partnering and community engagement. Networks and partnerships bring to the negotiation table a diversity of stakeholder ‘evidence’, ie, relevant information, interpretations and priorities. Finally, it is suggested that three types of evidence/perspective are especially relevant in the modern era – systematic (‘scientific’) research, program management experience (‘practice’), and political judgement. What works for program clients is intrinsically connected to what works for managers and for political leaders. Thus, the practical craft of policy development and adjustment involves ‘weaving’ strands of information and values as seen through the lens of these three key stakeholder groups. There is not one evidence‐base but several bases. These disparate bodies of knowledge become multiple sets of evidence that inform and influence policy rather than determine it. 相似文献
999.
1000.
量刑轻缓化趋势与非监禁刑 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、序言苏格兰的刑法与英格兰和威尔士有显著差异。在英格兰和威尔士 ,刑法基本上是一种以制定法规定犯罪的制度 ,该制度对每一种犯罪都有明确规定的刑罚 ,通常表现为法定最高刑。而在苏格兰 ,大多数刑事犯罪的法律渊源是普通法 ,也就是那些来源于 1 70 7年以前苏格兰议会所颁布的古老法案 ;或者来源于著者们所描述的无可追忆的惯例 ;或者来源于法庭在适用法律过程中对法律所作的发展的法律。一般而言 ,苏格兰法律中的法定犯罪是指那些规定于英联邦议会颁布并适用于整个英联邦国家的制定法中的犯罪—例如道路交通、毒品和攻击性武器等领域… 相似文献