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51.
Craniofacial identification by comparison of antemortem and postmortem radiographs: two case reports dealing with burnt bodies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Campobasso CP Dell'Erba AS Belviso M Di Vella G 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2007,28(2):182-186
Two cases of positive identification of burnt bodies by radiographic comparison are reported. They emphasize that antemortem radiographs of the head are an important but sometimes overlooked source of information which can frequently provide useful objective data for comparison purposes. A positive identification can easily be achieved by medical examiners through visual comparison of the antemortem with the postmortem cranial and facial structures, even of bodies severely damaged by fire. In these bodies the radiographs of the skull can graphically depict structures which are often unique to the individual, such as the frontal sinus pattern and the morphology of dental restorations. However, the process of identification through radiographs is appropriate only in burnt bodies in which antemortem radiographs of the alleged deceased are available for comparison and unique craniofacial structures are still present on the body in a well-preserved state or at least not completely destroyed by fire, depending on the extent of the burn injury. Matching of corresponding features seems preferable to other methods of personal identification such as skull-photo superimposition, morphometric analysis, and/or other computer-aided methods since these techniques need trained personnel, as well as expensive equipment which is not invariably available in the medical examiner's office or department of anthropology. 相似文献
52.
Marcello Rendine D.B.A. Carmela Fiore M.D. Giuseppe Bertozzi M.D. Dania De Carlo M.D. Vera Filetti M.Sc. Palmira Fortarezza M.L.T. Irene Riezzo M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):587-592
The admissibility of human “odor mortis” discrimination in courts depends on the lack of comprehension of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the human decay process and of the lack in standardized procedures in training cadaver dogs. Blood was collected from four young people who died from traffic accidents and analyzed using HS‐SPME/GC‐MS at different decompositional stages. Two dogs, professionally trained, were tested to exactly locate blood samples, for each time point of the experiment. We found a long list of VOCs which varied from fresh to decomposed blood samples, showing differences in specific compounds. Dog performance showed a positive predictive value between 98.96% and 100% for DOG A, and between 99.47% and 100% for DOG B. Our findings demonstrated that decomposing human blood is a good source of VOCs and a good target for canine training. 相似文献
53.
Ilaria Giovannelli Maria Giuseppina Pacilli Stefano Pagliaro Carlo Tomasetto Manuela Barreto 《Social Justice Research》2018,31(1):23-40
Injustice experiences are likely to have a strong impact on—adolescents' life. However, individuals differ in how they perceive and respond to injustice depending on their justice sensitivity. Whereas several studies analyzed the relationships between justice sensitivity and antisocial behaviors in adult samples, little is known about this relationship among adolescents. The aim of the present experimental study is to expand knowledge on the antecedents and effects of justice sensitivity from the Victim (i.e., JS-Victim) and Others (i.e., JS-Observer, Perpetrator, and Beneficiary) perspective, particularly with regard to its relationship to willingness to act in dishonest behavioral intentions (e.g., stealing money or objects from classmates, teachers, or strangers). The study involved 369 Italian students (52% males; M age = 16.64, SD = 1.78). We examined the role of justice sensitivity in the relationship between the recall of unfair, fair, or neutral episodes, and the consequent willingness to perform dishonest behaviors. Results demonstrate that recalling unfair (vs. fair or neutral) episodes leads to an increase in JS-Others, which in turn decreased willingness to behave dishonestly. Conversely, JS-Victim did not mediate the relationship between the recall of unfair episodes and intentions to behave dishonestly. The present findings suggest that during adolescence JS-Others might act as a protective factor against dishonest behaviors. 相似文献
54.
55.
Campobasso CP Linville JG Wells JD Introna F 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2005,26(2):161-165
Entomological evidence is most often used for estimating the postmortem interval, but fly larvae can also be a source of vertebrate DNA. Forensic analysis of DNA recovered from a larva's gut can be used to identify what the larva had been feeding on. During our previous research studies, we used the same DNA extraction for the dual purpose of identifying the insect species and associating a maggot with its last meal. In our experience, we have encountered several situations where this method for associating a maggot with a corpse would have been useful, such as removal of remains from a suspected crime scene, an alternative food source is nearby the scene or the body, and a chain-of-evidence dispute. However, since maggot gut content analysis is a quite brand-new area of study, many of the limitations of the technique have not yet been explored. The results of our most recent research studies suggest that third-instar larvae actively feeding on the corpse can be considered the best source of human DNA, better than postfeeding or starved larvae. In this paper, the state of the art of forensic genetic analysis of maggot gut contents is reviewed. 相似文献
56.
Emilio Barucci Carlo Bianchi Alberto Manconi 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2006,22(2):107-119
We analyze insiders’ trades in the Italian financial market. Insiders buy undervalued stocks, but they also act as positive
feedback traders. They exploit short term market movements with abnormal returns around trades: they purchase (sell) stocks
after a price decline (increase) and trades are followed by a partial reversal. They time the market mainly through purchases
immediately communicated to the market and sales (and in part purchases) communicated quarterly to the market. It seems that
insiders do not manipulate the market but strategically choose the size of trades, while they are interested to disclose immediately
purchases of the assets of the company they prefer not to do it in case of sales.
JEL Classification: G14, G15 相似文献
57.
Optimal transfers and participation decisions in international environmental agreements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carlo Carraro Johan Eyckmans Michael Finus 《The Review of International Organizations》2006,1(4):379-396
The literature on international environmental agreements has recognized the role transfers play in encouraging participation
in international environmental agreements. However, the results achieved so far are overly specific. Therefore, we develop
a more general framework that enables us to study the role of transfers in a systematic way. We propose transfers using both
internal and external financial resources for making “welfare optimal agreements” self-enforcing. To illustrate the relevance
of our transfer scheme, we use a stylized integrated assessment simulation model of climate change to show how appropriate
transfers may induce almost all countries into signing a self-enforcing climate treaty.
相似文献
58.
Jason Gravel Martin Bouchard Karine Descormiers Jennifer S. Wong Carlo Morselli 《Journal of criminal justice》2013
Purpose
We argue that inadequate frameworks to compare similar gang control strategies, and the scarcity of well-designed evaluations have hindered our ability to determine the effectiveness of existing programs. This article proposes a new typology of gang control strategies to use with logic models as tools to improve gang program evaluation.Methods
We conducted a systematic review of gang control strategy evaluation reports and created a typology from the studies identified. Studies were selected on the basis of methodological quality in order to reflect only rigorous evaluations with credible research findings.Results
Forty-five studies were selected and reviewed. Studies were classified in homogeneous categories based on the targeted population and the objective of the strategy. We infer logic models that consider the activities, outputs, and outcomes of each type of strategy.Conclusion
A better framework for the comparison of similar studies may allow meta-analyses to be conducted, thereby improving our knowledge of what works. Logic models can move the field forward by allowing researchers to understand why some programs work and others do not. The improvement, both in quality and quantity, of program evaluation in gang research is crucial in order to move beyond claims of promising approaches. 相似文献59.
Gian Carlo Delgado 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2002,16(2):297-318
This article provides a geopolitical and geoeconomic analysis of the strategic foundation of biodiversity, as the basis for the development of technologies that are leading the technological revolution in the early 21st century, specifically in relation to the advance of biotechnology. It explores the mechanisms promoted by Nation States and Multinationals involved in biobusiness in order to establish global processes of biotic plundering in highly biodiverse areas—biopiracy—as well as the forms of their appropriation—patenting genetic material and its related knowledge. This dynamic is analyzed at the world level and discussed with specific reference to Mexico. 相似文献
60.