刑法修正案（八）对我国刑罚执行的影响

刑法修正案（八）对涉及刑罚执行法律规范的修改和完善,蕴涵着宽严相济刑事政策、行刑社会化以及刑罚个别化的立法精神。对刑罚执行内容的重度调整,必将给刑罚执行工作带来深刻影响,使我国的刑罚执行面临诸如非监禁刑的具体执行、监狱压力增大、新型罪犯的改造质量等一系列新的挑战。     

网络恐怖主义的处置机制研究

网络恐怖主义是网络和恐怖主义相结合的产物,是恐怖主义在信息社会背景下的一个新的发展趋向。网络恐怖主义主要表现为网络恐怖破坏战、网络恐怖宣传战、网络恐怖心理战和网络恐怖协作战四种类型。网络恐怖主义与传统恐怖主义本质是相同的,但具有更强的智能性、隐蔽性和破坏性。为有效应对网络恐怖主义,要重点做好相关立法、情报收集、技术提升和加强协作等几方面的工作。     

南海问题分析与预测(2010—2011)

2010年南海问题的发展轨迹已经限定了2011年南海问题的发展趋势。2011年,美国与东盟轮值主席国印度尼西亚将有力地影响南海问题的走势。由于矛盾错综复杂,各方期待的《南海地区行为准则》相对于《南海各方行为宣言》行动指南更加难以落实。南海问题除了对相关各国的传统影响仍将继续存在之外,对区域国际关系和地缘政治的影响将有所增加。     

菲律宾2010年经济、政治与外交形势回顾

2010年的菲律宾,经济复苏形势喜人,总体表现好于预期;在国内政治方面,冲突与犯罪不断,和解稳定之路任重道远;外交方面,虽然在发展菲中经贸关系、配合美国东南亚政策以及在南海问题维护本国利益等方面有所斩获,但也因香港游客人质事件与中国关系紧张。     

我国农民工加入工会组织的现实境况及施行模式

我国农民工可谓是身处在城市社会中的底层群体与边缘地位,又是中国城乡二元社会经济结构在转型期的必然产物。农民工由于缺乏一个统一的组织来维护自己的合法权益,因此他们迫切期盼能加入工会组织,从而改变群体自身的松散状态,并在合法权益受到事实侵犯后可随时找到"娘家人"去呐喊抗争。为此,各级工会组织理当尽力转变以往的工作思路,优化社会资源的配置,以更加积极的态度去面对农民工的维权事宜,从而促进现代社会的自由、民主、稳定、和谐的可持续发展。     

9mm警用转轮手枪橡胶弹射入口的形态特征

目的观察橡胶弹射人口的形态特征,并探讨其法医学意义。方法使用9mm警用转轮手枪发射橡胶弹,在实验动物胸腹部侧面垂直射击,射击距离分别为紧密接触射击（0cm）,相对接触射击（1～6cm）,近距离射击（6-60cm）和远距离射击（60cm～有效射程25m）。92式手枪采取相同方式射击实验动物作为对照。观察射入口的形态特征,制作组织病理学切片,HE染色显微镜下观察。结果橡胶弹接触射击和近距离射击,射入口边缘整齐,有明显的擦拭轮、挫伤轮和火药斑纹;远距离射击,可见射人口边缘撕裂,挫伤轮明显增宽,皮下出血显著;与手枪弹射入口形态特征明显不同。结论9mm警用转轮手枪橡胶弹射入口典型的形态特征,可作为此类损伤的诊断指标。     

Establishment of the measurement uncertainty of 11-nor-D9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid in hair

The quantitative analysis of 11-nor-D(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in hair requires a sensitive method to detect a low-pg level. Before applying the method to real hair samples, the method was validated; in this study, we examined the uncertainty obtained from around the cut-off level of THCCOOH in hair. We calculated the measurement uncertainty (MU) of THCCOOH in hair as follows: specification of the measurand, identification of parameters using "cause and effect" diagrams, quantification of the uncertainty contributions using three factors, the uncertainty of weighing the hair sample, the uncertainty from calibrators and the calibration curve, and the uncertainty of the method precision. Finally, we calculated the degrees of freedom and the expanded uncertainty (EU). The concentration of THCCOOH in the hair sample with its EU was (0.60 ± 0.1) × 10(-4)ng/mg. The relative uncertainty percent for the measurand 0.60 × 10(-4)ng was 9.13%. In this study, we also selected different concentrations of THCCOOH in real hair samples and then calculated the EU, the relative standard uncertainty (RSU) of the concentration of THCCOOH in the test sample [u(r)(c0)], the relative uncertainty percent, and the effective degree of freedom (v(eff)). When the concentrations of THCCOOH approached the cut-off level, u(r)(c0) and the relative uncertainty percent increased but absolute EU and v(eff) decreased.     

A study on the concentrations of 11-nor-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in hair root and whole hair

In this study, we investigated the patterns of cannabis users (n=412) according to their sex, age, and the results of urinalysis and hair analysis, and classified the concentrations of THCCOOH in hair into three categories to examine the levels of cannabis use. We also compared the concentrations of THCCOOH in hair root, hair without the hair root and whole hair and examined the relationship among them according to the results of urinalysis. The hair samples were washed, digested with 1ml of 1M NaOH at 85°C for 30min and extracted with 2ml of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) two times after adding 1ml of 0.1N sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) and 200μl of acetic acid. The final mixture was derivatized with 50μl of PFPA and 25μl of PFPOH for 30min at 70°C. The solution was evaporated, and the residue was reconstituted in 40μl of ethyl acetate and transferred to an autosampler vial. One microlitre was injected into the GC/MS/MS-NCI system. The concentrations of THCCOOH ranged from 0.06 to 33.44pg/mg (mean 2.96; median 1.32) in hair from cannabis users who had positive urine results and ranged from 0.05 to 7.24pg/mg (mean 1.35; median 0.37) in hair from cannabis users who had negative urine results. The average concentration of THCCOOH in hair from cannabis users who had positive urine results was higher than that from cannabis users who had negative urine results. Male cannabis users in their forties were predominant. We classified the concentrations of THCCOOH in hair into three groups (low, medium and high), and could use the grouping of THCCOOH in hair as a guide for determining the level of use. The low, medium and high concentration ranges for THCCOOH in hair were 0.05-0.24, 0.25-2.60 and 2.63-33.44pg/mg, respectively. We also investigated 28 hair samples with the root. The highest concentrations of THCCOOH were seen in the hair root from 18 out of the 28 hair samples. The average concentrations of THCCOOH in hair root, hair without hair root and whole hair from cannabis users who had positive urine results were higher than those who had negative urine results.     

高校腐败研究中的理论命题初探

近年来,高校腐败研究中涉及的理论命题包括"劣币驱逐良币"、公共权力与高校腐败、职务犯罪与权力异化、寻租与权钱交易、科技伦理与科学道德、腐败成本与腐败收益,以及高等教育社会功能的异化与分层社会的断裂等方面.高校腐败的成因既来自于权力的失衡和体制的不健全,也与社会形态的改变导致高等教育的社会功能发生异化密切相关.     

Collaborative Partnerships and Crime in Disorganized Communities

Collaborative partnerships can be an effective strategy for crime prevention, especially in disorganized communities. Using ordinary least squares regression with 414 American cities, this article finds that police departments with many collaborative partnerships are able to promote informal social control within their communities and capitalize on the resources available to them with the help of other groups. This contention is supported by the effects of collaborative partnerships on crime rates in disorganized communities in comparison to well‐organized communities. Thus, collaborative partnerships of public organizations with other groups may insulate disorganized communities from the effects of community disorganization on levels of crime.