Linking technological and educational level diversities to innovation performance

In this study, we explore the extent to which diversity of educational levels among research scientists and engineers (RSEs) in the context of a firm’s level of technological diversity influences innovation performance. We used data from the 2004–2008 National R&D Survey in Singapore. The results from 366 firms across different industries indicate that when a firm’s technological domains are heterogeneous, those firms with an RSE workforce comprising similar educational levels have positive innovation performance, measured as the number of patent applications, while those comprising diverse educational levels have negative innovation performance. Our further exploration of the positive interaction between technological domain heterogeneity and similarity of educational levels suggests that firms that had a high ratio of RSEs with lower educational levels had more positive patent outcomes compared to those that had a high ratio of RSEs with higher educational levels. The results show that there are limits to the strength of technological diversity in a firm’s absorptive capacity as explained by organizational demography.     

Safety,Satisfaction, and Settlement in Domestic Relations Mediations: New Findings

Researchers and mediators have long been concerned about coercion, intimidation, and safety threats that could occur in mediation for cases where previous violence between the parties has occurred. Most of the research focuses on screening tools to identify parties at risk. When parties screen positive for intimate partner violence (IPV), some proceed to mediation and some do not, depending on the policies of individual mediation programs. But this misses a step: Some cases may benefit from mediation while others won't, but how can we predict whether mediation will be useful and safe in specific instances? This study uses survey data obtained from parties in domestic relations mediations to examine issues of safety, satisfaction, and settlement in the presence of various IPV behaviors.     

行政诉讼类型化之标准

行政诉讼类型化是行政诉讼制度发展趋势之一,学者们探讨我国行政诉讼类型化体系提出了自己的划分构想,但由于划分标准的不同,而显得行政诉讼类型各有侧重,纷繁复杂。因此,只有厘清行政诉讼类型化的标准问题,通过探讨标准的重要性、标准选择的考量因素以及世界各国对行政诉讼类型化标准的选择,才能得出我们划分行政诉讼类型化的标准。     

A Molecular Method to Detect Wound Cells in Bloodstains Resultant of Sharp Force Injuries for Crime Scene Reconstruction

Previous research by the authors on an animal model showed that bloodstains can contain additional information about their somatic origin in the form of wound cells. Bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the head were distinguished from bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the chest by testing the stains for a brain microRNA marker. In this study, the effectiveness of the technique was examined on blood drops shed externally from a stab wound to the liver of rat carcasses. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the liver microRNA marker, rno‐mir‐122‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System, and PCR analysis. Between the two stabbing methods used, 67% of the scalpel blades and 57% of the blood drops tested positive for rno‐mir‐122‐3p; however, other samples tested negative giving inconclusive results as to the wound‐of‐origin. The amount of the liver cells in the bloodstains appeared to be related to the extent of trauma.     

血痕特异性mRNA标记研究

血痕是案发现场尤其是命案中比较常见的生物物证,而血痕的正确组织来源推断是当前鉴定工作中急需解决的问题。随着法医物证学的不断发展,以mRNA(messenger RNA)为基础的体液斑迹组织来源鉴定技术作为一种不同于传统血痕免疫学检测的新型方法,已经越加显示其独特的优越性。在该技术的基础上,实现共同提取生物物证的RNA与DNA的目标,建立体液斑迹鉴定与DNA分型兼容的方法,有利于现场重建,提高生物物证的证据效力,完善证据链。本研究建立了一个包括血痕总RNA提取、逆转录、荧光特异引物扩增、遗传分析仪电泳检测分析等步骤的血痕来源推断技术平台。实验共采集制备了40份的中国人群(女性)外周血、16份月经血样本,筛选了5个外周血标记:HBA、HBB、GYPA、SPTB、ALAS2,2个月经血标记:MMP7、MMP11,构建了一个囊括外周血、月经血特异标记的荧光复合扩增体系。结果显示mRNA技术为基础的鉴定血痕来源的方法是可行的,并且建立了血痕RNA检验的遗传分析仪结果判读方法。     

The North Korean factor in the improvement of Japanese intelligence capability

Abstract

Since the early 1990s, human rights have been a contentious issue for relations between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU), especially in the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM). It is an issue that has constantly led to tensions in interregional cooperation. However, the ASEAN–EU dialogue on human rights has, in fact, had a significant impact on regional dynamics by stimulating the process of regional identity formation, especially in Southeast Asia. The core mechanism through which this development takes place is that of interaction, the process in which the two regional groupings engage while negotiating human rights policy. It can be argued, therefore, that interregional and intraregional human rights interactions are mutually dependent. ASEAN's rather confrontational mode of interaction with the European Union in relation to human rights has served as a catalyst for the dynamic growth of a collective definition of self in ASEAN. It has led to an ‘essentialization’ of ASEAN's idea of self as opposed to a common other, something which has undermined the possibility of maintaining an interregional dialogue that is not confrontational. However, it has also contributed to the development of a regional space for communicating about human rights and has thus played a central role in the gradual transformation of ASEAN's collective identity formation.     

韩国的法学教育及律师资格考试改革

韩国最近开设的法科大学院和即将实施的新的律师选拔、培养制度是韩国法律界的一大革新。在大陆法系色彩强烈的韩国法律体系里,能否成功地建立起美国式的法学院制度和律师选拔制度备受关注。尤其是韩国的法学教育以及司法改革制度,是在没有充分的协商和准备的基础上出台的,从一开始就存在很多争议,因此需要设计相应的补充方案。     

论刑事和解制度的宪政依据

刑事和解已成为法学界关注的热点问题。刑事法学界围绕刑事和解的理论与实践等基本问题进行了一定的探讨,并形成了我国刑事和解制度构建的不同观点。然而,关于刑事和解制度宪政基础的研究并没有随着相关讨论的展开而日见清晰,这种模糊状态存在的原因主要是学界对刑事和解制度宪政依据的挖掘和认识不够。刑事和解制度宪政依据的研究,对刑事和解制度的建立与顺畅运行意义重大。     

作为政治司法运作中心环节的审判——1949至1956年华县人民法院实证研究(下)

阶级立场、实事求是、群众路线是1949至1956年基层审判必须遵循的原则,并集中体现在审判组织与审判方式的确定、案件事实的调查、审理的进行、裁判的做出等方面.这一时期的基层审判组织经历了由独任制占绝对主导地位到兼行独任制与合议制的转变.法庭审判作为反革命案件与重大刑事案件的主要审判方式,对其他案件的法庭审判以及巡回审判与就地审判、公审均产生了重要影响.发现与认定案件事实乃是基层审判的主要环节,为此通过讯问、庭审获取被告口供,经由主动、广泛、彻底的调查获取证人证言,同时综合运用其他证据实属必须,而在此基础上的结案一方面大致遵循了这一时期有限的法律、政策规定,更重要的是坚持了政治标准并兼顾了情境合理性,在此前提下基层司法机关针对不同案件分别采用了调解、判决、移转等结案方式.总体而言,1949至1956年基层审判秉具初创性、阶级性、群众性、主动性、追求客观真实等特质,体现了"政治司法"的基本特征.     

论德国古典犯罪论体系——以贝林(Beling)的构成要件理论为对象

德国刑法学家贝林提出的构成要件理论是实证主义方法在刑法学研究中的集中体现和主要成果,它标志着刑法学对于犯罪的研究开始了形式化的新历程。通过构成要件来把握犯罪的形式化过程使罪刑法定原则得以从理念转化为现实并且具体实现在了犯罪认定的过程中。以构成要件理论为核心的古典犯罪论体系是犯罪论体系化研究的肇始,为此后的犯罪论体系研究奠定了坚实的基础。