论刑事和解制度的宪政依据

刑事和解已成为法学界关注的热点问题。刑事法学界围绕刑事和解的理论与实践等基本问题进行了一定的探讨,并形成了我国刑事和解制度构建的不同观点。然而,关于刑事和解制度宪政基础的研究并没有随着相关讨论的展开而日见清晰,这种模糊状态存在的原因主要是学界对刑事和解制度宪政依据的挖掘和认识不够。刑事和解制度宪政依据的研究,对刑事和解制度的建立与顺畅运行意义重大。     

作为政治司法运作中心环节的审判——1949至1956年华县人民法院实证研究(下)

阶级立场、实事求是、群众路线是1949至1956年基层审判必须遵循的原则,并集中体现在审判组织与审判方式的确定、案件事实的调查、审理的进行、裁判的做出等方面.这一时期的基层审判组织经历了由独任制占绝对主导地位到兼行独任制与合议制的转变.法庭审判作为反革命案件与重大刑事案件的主要审判方式,对其他案件的法庭审判以及巡回审判与就地审判、公审均产生了重要影响.发现与认定案件事实乃是基层审判的主要环节,为此通过讯问、庭审获取被告口供,经由主动、广泛、彻底的调查获取证人证言,同时综合运用其他证据实属必须,而在此基础上的结案一方面大致遵循了这一时期有限的法律、政策规定,更重要的是坚持了政治标准并兼顾了情境合理性,在此前提下基层司法机关针对不同案件分别采用了调解、判决、移转等结案方式.总体而言,1949至1956年基层审判秉具初创性、阶级性、群众性、主动性、追求客观真实等特质,体现了"政治司法"的基本特征.     

The North Korean factor in the improvement of Japanese intelligence capability

Abstract

Since the early 1990s, human rights have been a contentious issue for relations between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the European Union (EU), especially in the Asia–Europe Meeting (ASEM). It is an issue that has constantly led to tensions in interregional cooperation. However, the ASEAN–EU dialogue on human rights has, in fact, had a significant impact on regional dynamics by stimulating the process of regional identity formation, especially in Southeast Asia. The core mechanism through which this development takes place is that of interaction, the process in which the two regional groupings engage while negotiating human rights policy. It can be argued, therefore, that interregional and intraregional human rights interactions are mutually dependent. ASEAN's rather confrontational mode of interaction with the European Union in relation to human rights has served as a catalyst for the dynamic growth of a collective definition of self in ASEAN. It has led to an ‘essentialization’ of ASEAN's idea of self as opposed to a common other, something which has undermined the possibility of maintaining an interregional dialogue that is not confrontational. However, it has also contributed to the development of a regional space for communicating about human rights and has thus played a central role in the gradual transformation of ASEAN's collective identity formation.     

国内“高校学生组织”研究的文献计量分析

通过对国内"高校学生组织"研究进行文献计量分析,发现该研究领域的文献累积率开始变得比较高而稳定;发文期刊表现出了一定的集中趋势;从事此项研究的作者队伍很不稳定,核心作者群和区域性的研究中心没有形成;作者合作率和合作度较高,反映了该领域的作者比较重视合作和交叉研究;通过对文献关键词的统计,反映了研究热点的变化情况.     

地方高校学科建设需处理好的几个关系

学科建设反映一所高校的办学层次与水平,是高等学校发展的基础。地方高校学科建设需协调好与行政管理单位、教学、科学研究以及自身软硬件建设等方面的关系,以利于实现规模、结构、质量、效益的统一。     

少年司法的边界在哪里？——探讨构建中国少年司法制度的方向选择

随着社会的变迁,我国家庭和社区对于未成年人的教育和控制功能日益弱化,而同时,我国的司法制度对罪错少年的干预是滞后的,导致社会上出现了一批屡次违法和轻微犯罪的顽劣少年,公安机关对他们无可奈何,只能是“养肥了再打”。对此,很多人建议将我国的少年司法管辖范围扩大,干预前置。但是笔者通过对典型国家和地区的少年司法制度的横向比较、通过对中国现行司法制度所反映出的本土文化和理念的分析,对中国未来的少年司法制度的改革方面持不同建议。笔者认为我国所要构建的少年司法制度应当是尊重和传承我国传统司法理念,同时吸纳国际进步思想的制度。     

The international politics of air disasters: lessons for aviation disaster governance from Asia, 2014–2015

Abstract

Through a qualitative analysis of three air disasters from Asia in recent years—MH370, MH17 and QZ8501—this article investigates the puzzle of how aviation disasters open up a sovereign state’s domestic governance and foreign policy to international questioning within an anarchic international system. This enquiry thereby highlights the gaps in the global governance of aviation, particularly in the areas of safety and recovery in the wake of aviation disasters. Three linked literatures demonstrate this dynamic. First, aligned with the ‘emotional turn’ in international relations, we show that the portrayal of air disasters and grieving next of kin in global media highlights the politics of grief and trauma. Second, aviation disasters surface the politics of disaster diplomacy in the guise of ‘security competition by proxy’ in the recovery process. Third, we emphasize that these shortfalls in domestic governance and international cooperation demonstrated by the attention-grabbing spectacle of aviation disasters consequently underscore important knowledge, norms and compliance gaps in global aviation governance. Aviation disasters and their aftermath thus shine an international spotlight on the state’s domestic governance and foreign policies in these three manners.     

城镇化进程中农村土地制度改革的经济学分析

在我国城镇化持续发展阶段,农用土地不断被征用引发一系列的经济社会问题,客观上产生了国家经济建设与居民安居乐业之间的博弈,要从制度上分析如何通过市场配置有限的土地资源,严格规范土地管理,积极开展土地承包经营权流转,加快农业现代化,促进经济社会的和谐发展与安全稳定.     

我国社会管理体制的历史变迁与深化改革

与经济、政治体制改革相适应,我国社会管理体制改革经过了高度一元化社会管控阶段、传统管理体制逐步解体、残补模式和现代社会治理四个阶段的变迁,并在管理理念、管理目标、管理主体、管理体制机制和管理方式等方面呈现出规律性的演进特征。按照新型社会管理体制模式的要求,深化社会管理体制改革必须在凝聚社会共识、转变政府职能、发育社会组织、创新运行机制、完善社区管理等方面实现突破。     

The Heritability of Palatal Rugae Morphology Among Siblings*†

Although there is clinical applicability of the palatal rugae as an identification tool in forensic odontology, controversy exists whether the palatal rugae patterns are stable or variable. The greater the genetic component, the higher the probability that palatal rugae patterns are stable. The aim of this study was to compare the palatal rugae morphology between full siblings and the proportion of variability due to genetic component. This cross-sectional study was conducted on digital models of 162 siblings aged 15–30 years old. The palatal rugae patterns were assessed with Thomas and Kotze (1983) classification using Geomagic Studio software (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). The palatal rugae morphology between siblings showed significantly similar characteristics for total number of left rugae (p = 0.001), left primary rugae (p = 0.017), secondary rugae for right (p = 0.024) and left sides (p = 0.001), right straight rugae (p = 0.010), and right convergent rugae (p = 0.005) accounting for at least 6.25%-12.8% of the variability due to heredity. Despite the similarities found, the palatal rugae patterns showed significant differences between siblings of at least 46.9% (p = 0.001). Zero heritability was found in 9 of the 14 rugae patterns. Meanwhile, total number of rugae, primary, backward, and convergent rugae showed moderate heritability (h² > 0.3) and total number of secondary rugae showed high heritability (h² > 0.6). In conclusion, despite the individuality characteristics, an appreciable hereditary component is observed with significant similarities found between sibling pairs and the palatal rugae patterns were both environmentally and genetically influenced.