China and the Middle East

The exchanges between China and the Middle East are profound. In 500 B. C, the world-famous Silk Road was built. In 700 B. C, there were two great empires on the Asian Continent.     

中国对东南亚公共外交的问题与建议

公共外交是国家的一项重要战略资产,对于传播本国外交理念,塑造国家形象,改善本国的国际舆论环境有重要的意义。但作为一种外交手段,公共外交也具有局限性,其作用不应该过度被夸大。本文以中国在东南亚地区的公共外交为例,分析了我国公共外交存在的问题并提出了政策建议。     

朝鲜的变化与中朝关系--从"传统友好合作关系"到"实利关系"

中国和朝鲜关系自1999年开始恢复,这虽不表示两国已恢复过去的同盟关系,但一定会对朝今后的发展起到积极作用.本文首先介绍中朝关系的变化;然后分析在向朝鲜提供改革模式及理念、经济资源、政治军事援助过程中,中国对朝鲜变化产生的影响;最后得出主要结论,即虽自20世纪90年代后期开始,朝中关系正式进入恢复阶段,但双方关系不再以共享理念和战略目标为基础,而是基于现实利益或战术目标.朝中关系这一新特点将继续制约中国对朝鲜变化过程的影响.此外,文章还针对朝鲜的发展变化,就中韩合作问题提出了若干建议.     

推进执政党建设理论创新——学习党的十七大报告的体会

党的十七大报告正视新党情、反映人民的新期待、体现新的时代要求,提出了党建新方针、确定了党建新主线、明确了党建新目标、规划了党建新布局、确定了党建新重点,从多方面推进了执政党建设理论的创新.     

论行政诉讼被告确认规则的理论基础

“谁行为,谁被告”是对我国现行行政诉讼被告确认规则“谁主体,谁被告”的完善,是由人权理念的提升、依法治国方略的实施、中国加入WTO等现实国情决定的。文章从宪政基础、现实基础和行政行为的性质等方面探讨行政诉讼被告确认规则的理论基础,进而论证“谁行为,谁被告”的行政诉讼被告确认规则的合理性。     

中国青少年犯罪演进的定量分析

上世纪90年代以来，青少年罪犯数量大幅度下降，近几年开始有所缓慢回升，青少年罪犯占全国罪犯总体的比例呈下降趋势，然而，青少年人口犯罪率居高不下，并呈上升趋势。由此我们看到反映青少年犯罪情况的两个代表性指标一一犯罪数量和人口犯罪率。影响青少年犯罪数量变化的主要因素是人口基数和青少年人口犯罪率，而后者更能够反映青少年个体及群体的越轨行为危险程度。我们在青少年犯罪预防决策和实务工作中更应当密切关注青少年人口犯罪率，同时重视青少年群体人口基数的变化。此外，从罪犯数量和人口犯罪率两个指标来看，未成年人与青年两个亚群体差异较为明显，因此青少年犯罪预防工作不能笼而统之，需要日益精细化、专业化。     

Trade and development policies in Colombia: Export promotion and outward orientation, 1967–1992

As developing democracies implement programs of economic adjustment and trade liberalization, we need to examine the relationship between the state and society in the making of foreign economic policies. This article examines trade and development policies in Colombia, one of Latin America's more institutionalized democracies. Colombia was one of the first countries in Latin America to begin a major reorientation away from full dependence on ISI as a strategy of development. The research shows that domestic political institutions and actors have had a decisive impact on the character and direction of foreign economic policies. The study also illustrates how state capacity for economic management is enhanced by bureaucratic insulation and institutional reform. Carlos E. Juárez is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles. His research focuses on the politics of trade liberalization in Latin America, government-business relations in developing democracies, and comparative political economy. He was a visiting researcher and lecturer at theUniversidad de los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia from 1991–1992. For 1993–1994 he will be a visiting research fellow with the Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies at the University of California, San Diego.     

“无痛伦理观”的困惑及其化解——“后道德社会”大学生道德责任问题探析

随着经济的发展,人类社会经历了从现代性到后现代性的转变,进入了"后道德社会",其伦理观表现为道德约束力减弱、权利无限扩大和自我奉献精神失去的"无痛伦理观"。当今大学生受社会的影响,道德责任感开始缺失。我们应当从道德责任回归的应然性与必然性出发,采取必要措施,不断强化大学生的道德责任意识。     

Five Challenges to Legalizing Economic and Social Rights

In recent years, dozens of human rights non-governmental organizations (NGOs) across the globe have begun to advocate for economic and social rights, which represents a significant expansion of the human rights movement. This article investigates a central strategy that NGOs have pursued to realize these rights: legalization. Legalization involves specifying rights as valid legal rules and enforcing them through judicial or quasi-judicial processes. After documenting some of the progress made toward legalization, the article analyzes five unique challenges involved in legalizing economic and social rights. It is important to identify these challenges because they must be overcome if the human rights movement wishes to refute the notion that economic and social rights are inherently non-justiciable (and therefore, to some, invalid as rights). These challenges also point to the possibility that legalization is not the only, or even the best, strategic pathway to realize economic and social rights effectively.

The Adoption and Abandonment of Council‐Manager Government

What accounts for patterns of city adoption and abandonment of council‐manager government? Despite dozens of empirical studies, we lack a systematic understanding of these forces over time because previous work has relied on cross‐sectional designs or analysis of change over short periods. This article begins to fill this lacuna by constructing a historical data set spanning 75 years for the 191 largest cities with either mayor‐council or council‐manager governments in 1930. Event history analysis is applied to isolate adoption and abandonment trends and to provide new evidence revealing the forces that have shaped the trajectory of institutional change in U.S. cities. This analysis reveals that social context factors—in particular, economic conditions—generate both adoptions and abandonments.