美国制定法解释方法向文本主义的回睚

作为美国制定法解释方法的文本主义经历了平白意义规则和新文本主义两个发展阶段。以斯卡利亚为代表的新文本主义对在制定法解释领域长期占据正统地位的意图主义解释方法进行了批判,并对早期平白意义规则进行了扬弃,将文本重新置于制定法解释的中心位置,强调制定法语词的通常、自然与客观意义,并认为文本通常意义的确定无需借助于立法者意图或立法史等文本外材料,而只须根据“普通说英语者标准”,运用词典、语法、解释准则等语言学方面的工具并考虑制定法文本的语境、结构与整体等语义性背景即可确定。     

Clientelism and Political Participation: Case Study of the Chinese <Emphasis Type="Italic">tongxianghui</Emphasis> in Macao SAR Elections

This paper investigates the close connections between Chinese tongxianghui (Chinese native-place association) and electoral politics in Macao SAR Legislative Assembly’s direct elections. The findings show that the Chinese tongxianghui in Macao SAR adopt clientelist politics based on cultural affinities during the electoral politics in gaining their client-voter supports for the direct elections in 2009 and 2013. The nature of clientelist relationships, such as interest maximizing exchange, reciprocity and iteration, building up long term and stable relationships, are different from the electoral campaigns in Western liberal democracies which are usually center on ideological lines and occasional exchanges which are arguably too random and too anonymous. In essence, this study argues that Chinese tongxianghui in Macao SAR, notably the Fujian Jinjiang tongxianghui and Guangdong Jiangmen tongxianghui, constitute powerful electoral engineering with affiliated interest groups and they have built up stable and long term clientelist relations with their clients, instead of waging electoral battles on ideological lines. Thus, this study contends that Macao’s direct elections represent a unique case study about participation of Chinese tongxianghui in electoral politics which can be characterized as a form of local-level, cumulative and low political-risk clientelism which could be more effective than ideological politics.     

泰国曼谷潮人群体调查研究——以文化认同为视角

本文以笔者在泰国曼谷对潮人群体田野调查时所得的问卷资料和口述材料为基础,试图对泰国潮人群体的认同情况进行研究。本文认为,文化认同对海外潮人的认同起主导作用,受访者对华人文化尤其是潮汕亚族群文化有较强的认同感。     

论社会工作视阈下的群体性冲突调控

群体性冲突是我国转型期社会变革中结构性和利益性矛盾多元化的集中反映。群体性冲突有其产生的客观性、功能的两面性和发展的可调控性。借鉴社会工作的＂以人为本＂＂人在情境中＂的核心理念,综合运用社会个案工作、小组工作、社区工作三大方法,建立群体性冲突调控的长效机制,以推进社会自我整合,促进社会稳定发展。     

后危机时代工资集体协商中的工会策略

政府主导、企业偏向的博弈政策环境导致了劳动收入份额的长期不合理下降,后危机时代中国经济增长内生动力机制的重塑诉求为扭转这一势头提供了契机。工会应抓住这一机会,利用当前与己有利的经济形势和政策倾向谋求劳动者收入的提升。为此,工会在工资集体协商中可以采取以下策略:及时调整指导思想;提高协商代表素质;提升对相关资料的分析能力;创造更好的外部环境。