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161.
162.
Chadwick S Maynard P Kirkbride P Lennard C Spindler X Roux C 《Journal of forensic sciences》2011,56(6):1505-1513
In current casework, most post-cyanoacrylate stains rely on luminescence emission in the visible region (400-700 nm). While traditional stains such as rhodamine 6G work well under most circumstances, some surfaces may generate background luminescence under the same conditions. Detection in the near-infrared region (NIR > 700 nm) has shown to be effective in minimizing the interferences from such surfaces. The laser dye styryl 11 generated strongly luminescent fingermarks when applied after cyanoacrylate fuming on all surfaces tested. When compared to rhodamine 6G, the dye was superior only when viewed in the NIR. Styryl 11 was subsequently combined with rhodamine 6G, and the mixed stain formulation (named StaR 11 by the authors) induced stronger luminescence compared with styryl 11 alone with an ability to visualize in both the visible and NIR regions. Reliable and consistent results were obtained when using either styryl 11 alone or the STaR 11 mixture. The enhancement achieved did not otherwise vary depending on the source of the fingermark secretions. With visualization possible in both the visible and NIR regions, the styryl 11/rhodamine 6G mixture showed significant potential as a post-cyanoacrylate stain. 相似文献
163.
Kirk CM Lewis RK Lee FA Stowell D 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2011,39(4):320-332
Numerous studies and interventions have been designed to either reduce the prevalence of risky behaviors (substance use, sexual activity, etc.) or increase the level of educational activity for adolescents. Research suggests that these two constructs may be related yet little is known about this relationship among African American youth. Archival data from the Risk Reduction Project was used to explore the connection between the protective factors of educational aspirations/expectations and recent participation in risky behavior. Results suggest that recent use of marijuana, alcohol to the point of intoxication, and sexual activity predicted lower aspirations and expectations among African American youth. From a positive youth development perspective, this study suggests the development of holistic interventions that build educational assets in youth, in addition to working to minimize risk behaviors. Limitations and suggestions for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
164.
The conventional sovereignty that has prevailed for the past several centuries restricts the options open to ethnic minorities
in multiethnic populations that are subject to a single sovereign authority. Minorities will either trend toward integration
with majority populations or else the direction of change will be toward separation and the establishment of new, smaller
sovereign states. There are serious problems with both options. The present proposal is for a form of diluted or “attenuated”
sovereignty whereby, in its most basic form, a particular ethnic minority would be afforded limited sovereignty in a specified
area within an existing sovereign state’s overall territory. An attenuated-sovereignty government established in the specified
area would be answerable to—and have authority over—only those persons of the designated ethnic minority who have opted to
affiliate themselves with it. Distinctive to this proposal, all other persons, irrespective of their ethnicity, could remain
in the delimited area and remain subject to the pre-existing, conventionally sovereign authority. This proposal includes various
strategies to make attenuated sovereignty a practical, workable option. The notion of attenuated sovereignty is not as fantastical
as it may seem at first glance. Re this assertion, the conventionally sovereign state is everywhere at bay. Its best days
are behind it. Under the circumstances, in some situations, attenuated sovereignty could prove advantageous to both ethnic
minorities and majority populations willing to accommodate them in the creative manner here proposed. 相似文献
165.
Commercially available skin cleansing alcohol wipes and conventional swabs were investigated for their use as a universal sampling medium for the simultaneous collection of both organic and inorganic explosive residues. Six compounds with the potential to be encountered in casework [pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), ammonium nitrate, and sodium chlorate] were selected as representative target compounds. Quantities of these target compounds were deposited on four different substrates (glass, plastic, aluminium foil and laminate). Two chosen alcohol wipes demonstrated better overall performance in the recovery of both the organic and inorganic representative compounds from each of the test surfaces compared to the results obtained using conventional cotton and polyester swabs, pre-moistened with various solvents, and a direct methanol wash (used as a control). Results obtained using dry cotton swabs indicated that it was not an effective swabbing system for the collection of both organic and inorganic explosive residues on common substrates. 相似文献
166.
Studies consistently find that gang members are involved in a disproportionately high rate of violence. The association between gangs and violence is largely based on the legal definition of violence, however. The current study moves beyond the legal definition of gang violence by examining the relationship between non-lethal gang involved incidents and the likelihood of victim injury, using pooled data (1992–2005) from the National Crime Victimization Survey. Overall, results reveal that gang members are not more likely than are non-gang members to injure their victims. When analyses are restricted to incidents involving injury, or incidents involving weapons, gang members are no more likely to more severely injure their victims than non-gang members. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed. 相似文献
167.
也许和其他平面媒体相比,时尚杂志的日子还不算太糟。但让我们直面事实——与20年前不同,现在,成千上万的青春期少女们不再捧着厚厚的时尚杂志作为化妆打扮的唯一权威指导了——她们有更加经济适用的选择,比如网站。而传媒业的不断发展也让那些外人曾经无法介入的,代表着权威和品位的时尚私密小圈子走向大众。人们发表自己的观点, 相似文献
168.
169.
170.
Chris Brown 《政治学》1996,16(1):1-8
International Relations theory emerged in the 1930s with the triumph of realism over utopianism, a triumph that created a discourse that has been unable to make a substantial contribution to the literature on international distributive justice which has burgeoned since the mid-1970's. The emergence of neorealist and neoliberal International Relations theory in the 1970's and 1980's made little difference; However, this consensus is now crumbling and a new body of International Relations theory, focusing on bounded communities and the ethics of inclusion and exclusion is emerging. This new work is more in tune with the concerns of political theory - although major differences remain. 相似文献