The use of vapour phase ultra-violet spectroscopy for the analysis of arson accelerants in fire scene debris.

A method has been developed for the analysis of arson accelerants in fire scene debris by vapour phase ultra-violet (UV) spectroscopy. The method is rapid, inexpensive, simple to use and is sufficiently sensitive and discriminating to be of use for the analysis of crime scene samples. Application to casework samples is described. On occasion, the method offers additional information to that which can be obtained by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and represents a useful adjunct to these techniques. In addition, the method offers advantages where the use of GC-MS analysis of arson accelerants in fire scene debris is not a practical proposition.     

Les innovations techniques en santé: le processus décisionnel et les limites de la réglementation

Sommaire: Dans nos sociétés, les décisions relatives aux nouveaux équipements techniques en santé sont en général prises au sein d'instances relevant plus ou moins directement du pouvoir gouvernemental (ministères, organismes régionaux, hôpi-taux, etc.). Plusieurs intervenants agissent dans ce milieu public où, comme acteurs du processus décisionnel, ils ont à résoudre diverses incertitudes et è tenir compte d'enjeux politiques, professionnels ou organisationnels. L'influence de ces incertitudes et de ces enjeux sur les décisions dépend aussi beaucoup de la phase (décou-verte, implantation ou diffusion, par exemple) dans laquelle se trouvent les innovations à un moment donné. Cet article tente donc de démontrer la complexité du processus décisionnel dans la mise en place des nouvelles technologies médicales de haute intensité. II met I'emphase sur le rôle et les limites de la réglementation. Abstract: In our society, decisions concerning new technical equipment for health care are in general made by bodies that are more or less directly under government control (ministries, regional bodies, hospitals, etc.). As actors in the decision-making process, these entities are required to clear up many uncertainties and take into account the political, professional or organizational issues. The influence of these uncertainties and issues on decision-making also depends on the stage (for example, discovery, introduction or dissemination) that an innovation has reached at any given moment. This article attempts to illustrate the complexity of the decision-making process as regards the implementation of new advanced medical technologies, and emphasizes the role and the limitations of regulation.     

CUSTODY EVALUATIONS

The procedures used to conduct custody evaluations and the purpose of such reports are currently under review by mental health and legal professionals. This article describes (a) the limitations inherent in clinical assessment and (b) characteristics of the adjudication process which necessarily limit the evaluator's thoroughness and the potential usefulness of evaluations. Given the primitive methods available for assessing families and predicting outcomes, the inability and unwillingness of the courts to process large amounts of clinical data, the conflicting motives surrounding evaluations, and the biases inherent in custody recommendations, the author argues for limited, well-defined, and objectively supported assessment procedures and evaluation criteria.