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Conor Hanly 《The Journal of legal history》2013,34(3):253-278
The nineteenth century saw the beginning of the decline of jury trial as the main dispositive mechanism in civil cases in the Superior Courts. The Common Law Procedure Act 1854 gave civil litigants the choice of jury trial, and during the remainder of the century the proportion of litigants choosing jury trial steadily declined. However, the seeds of this decline were sown in the two decades prior to 1854, during which time three factors combined to undermine the institution of the civil jury: recognition among lawyers of the integrity of the bench, the efforts made by lawyers to professionalize the practise of law, and the successful introduction in 1846 of juryless trials in the County Courts. 相似文献
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Gomes Hugo S. Farrington David P. Defoe Ivy N. Maia Ângela 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2022,18(3):607-637
Journal of Experimental Criminology - Field experiments combine the benefits of the experimental method and the study of human behavior in real-life settings, providing high internal and external... 相似文献
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The effects of closed-circuit television on crime: meta-analysis of an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David P. Farrington Martin Gill Sam J. Waples Javier Argomaniz 《Journal of Experimental Criminology》2007,3(1):21-38
This article reports results obtained in an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation of 14 closed-circuit
television (CCTV) projects in residential areas, town and city centers, a city hospital, and car parks (parking lots). Both
police and victimization data were collected before and after the installation of CCTV in target, control and buffer areas,
and police Divisions. The results showed that CCTV was effective in reducing crimes in train station car parks but not in
city centers or residential areas, seemed to be effective in reducing vehicle crimes (but not other types of crimes), and
was most effective when the degree of coverage by CCTV was high and when CCTV was combined with other interventions such as
improved lighting. Implications for situational crime prevention theory are drawn. There was no evidence of displacement or
diffusion of benefits. It is concluded that CCTV needs to be implemented more effectively, based on an analysis of the crime
problem and its causes, and needs to be evaluated using a randomized experimental design.
David P. Farrington is Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University. His major research interests are in the development of offending and the effectiveness of interventions. He is co-chair of the Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group and a former President of the American Society of Criminology, the British Society of Criminology, the European Association of Psychology and Law, and the Academy of Experimental Criminology. Martin Gill is Director of Perpetuity Research and Consultancy International, a ‘spin-out’ company from the University of Leicester, where he was formerly a Professor of Criminology. He led the Home Office national evaluation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) and is currently researching offenders’ perspectives on fraud, shop theft and robbery. Sam J. Waples is currently a research assistant at Birkbeck College, University of London. His main interest lies in the application of geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. He is responsible for mapping as well as spatial and statistical analysis of geographical datasets for a variety of projects. He was formerly a research assistant at the Department of Criminology, University of Leicester. Javier Argomaniz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, where he is conducting research on European Union counter-terrorism policies. He was formerly a research assistant in the Department of Criminology, University of Leicester. 相似文献
Javier ArgomanizEmail: |
David P. Farrington is Professor of Psychological Criminology at Cambridge University. His major research interests are in the development of offending and the effectiveness of interventions. He is co-chair of the Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group and a former President of the American Society of Criminology, the British Society of Criminology, the European Association of Psychology and Law, and the Academy of Experimental Criminology. Martin Gill is Director of Perpetuity Research and Consultancy International, a ‘spin-out’ company from the University of Leicester, where he was formerly a Professor of Criminology. He led the Home Office national evaluation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) and is currently researching offenders’ perspectives on fraud, shop theft and robbery. Sam J. Waples is currently a research assistant at Birkbeck College, University of London. His main interest lies in the application of geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. He is responsible for mapping as well as spatial and statistical analysis of geographical datasets for a variety of projects. He was formerly a research assistant at the Department of Criminology, University of Leicester. Javier Argomaniz is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Politics and International Relations, University of Nottingham, where he is conducting research on European Union counter-terrorism policies. He was formerly a research assistant in the Department of Criminology, University of Leicester. 相似文献
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A great deal has been learned about childhood risk factors for offending and about effective interventions targeting these risk factors that reduce later delinquency and criminal offending. The time is right to implement a risk-focused, evidence-based national strategy for early prevention in the United States. A National Council on Early Prevention could provide technical assistance, skills, and knowledge to state and local agencies in implementing prevention programs; could provide funding, continuity, coordination, and monitoring of local programs; could provide training in prevention science for local people; could commission systematic reviews of the effectiveness of interventions; and could maintain high standards for evaluation research. The main aim of this article is to outline a national strategy for the prevention of delinquency and later offending. It identifies and discusses critical lessons learned from Western countries, such as Canada and Sweden, about the development of national crime prevention agencies. 相似文献
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