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131.
Viviane Brachet-Márquez Guillermo V. Alonso Mónica Uribe Gómez 《Journal of Public Affairs (14723891)》2014,14(3-4):346-358
One revealing test for gauging the extent to which pluralist democracy has advanced in the recently (re)democratized countries of Latin America is to determine the extent to which interest groups have come to participate in policy making in formal, open, extensive, and accepted ways as they mostly do in advanced liberal democracies. In other words, is this a new era or more of the same? To provide insights into this question, using six hypotheses, this article compares social insurance reform in Argentina and Mexico, and public health reform in Colombia. It appears that the political processes through which the reforms were adopted were fairly democratic, although aspects of the old regimes in all three countries, particularly corporatist relationships, were indispensable backups. The weaknesses that were apparent, however, stem less from the old ways of doing political business and more from the immaturity of the democratic process. Plus, pressures were felt by the executive branches and their allies to show to the international community that their country was a safe place in which to invest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
132.
Silva DA Crouse CA Chakraborty R Góes AC Carvalho EF 《Forensic science international》2004,139(2-3):173-176
This work describes the statistical features of a database for two Brazilian populations (one from the Rio de Janeiro State (southeast region), and one from the Mato Grosso do Sul State (central western region) using fourteen short tandem repeat loci (STR). 相似文献
133.
Chimpanzee homologous of human Y specific STRs. A comparative study and a proposal for nomenclature 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Gusmão L González-Neira A Alves C Lareu M Costa S Amorim A Carracedo A 《Forensic science international》2002,126(2):129-136
Eleven Y specific microsatellites, previously studied in humans, were typed for fragment length and sequenced in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).The primers described by Ayub et al. (Nucleic Acids Res. 28, 2000, 2) for amplifying DYS434, DYS435, DYS436, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439 and those described by White et al. (Genomics, 57, 1999, 433) for GATA A10, A7.1, A7.2, C4, and H4, were used to amplify DNA samples from chimpanzees.Primers described for Y GATA A4 were found to amplify the same region as reported for DYS439. Moreover, the GATA A4 forward primer only matches the repeat flanking region in 14 of the 28bp, being responsible for a very weak amplification. Therefore, this system was not included in this study.The analysis of the repeat and sequence structure observed in chimpanzee and human Y chromosomes allowed evolutionary comparisons as well as the basis for improving Y STR nomenclature and therefore, a unified nomenclature for these novel STRs is proposed to the scientific community following ISFG recommendations. 相似文献
134.
Political Behavior - Remittances have become a chief source of family income in developing countries. As such, these revenue streams have the potential to impact recipients’ political... 相似文献
135.
Próspero M 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2009,24(1):128-146
The present study tested a section of the model of coercion in intimate partner violence (IPV) by investigating the relationships among coercion, IPV and mental health symptoms. The study's sample consisted of 573 culturally diverse university students (age M = 21.4) who completed a survey that measured past IPV victimization, coercive behaviors, and mental health symptoms. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that coercion was a stronger predictor of adverse mental health symptoms than was IPV victimization. In addition, the study found that the adverse effect of coercive behaviors on mental health symptoms was stronger among female victims of IPV than among male IPV victims. The results have implications for theory building, future research, and mental health professionals who work with female and male victims of IPV. 相似文献
136.
Luis Gerardo Gabaldón 《Crime, Law and Social Change》2009,52(2):207-223
Literature often emphasizes the use of force as a distinctive feature of police work, while risky encounters and uncertainty
are conditions under which such work is carried out daily. Conditions leading to the use of force by the police have been
associated with the presence of menacing minorities, losing verbal control, the youth and lack of experience of officers,
and critical physical proximity between officers and suspects. Additionally, defiance towards the police has often been linked
to increased force used by the police. It is here proposed that uncertainty also fosters police officers’ dispositions to
use force. In this study, four focus groups were conducted with officers from two Venezuelan municipal police departments
in October 2003, presenting a hypothetical scenario progressing from contact with suspects towards an open confrontation involving
a shooting. Officers perceived, through different phases of the scenario, an encounter of no easily predictable outcome with
suspects, involving potential harm to the police and bystanders. A pattern seemed to appear among officers in which overcoming
real or assumed resistance became the central issue. When physical confrontation with suspects became evident, self defence
was the clearest justification for the use of force, though the use of force was also defended by officers without further
elaboration on the requirements and conditions for effectively thwarting aggression. It appears that uncertainty about the
outcome of a situation fosters both the disposition and the justification for using force.
相似文献
Luis Gerardo GabaldónEmail: |
137.
Virginia Rosales-López 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2008,25(3):231-251
This paper proposes an empirical analysis of Spanish court performance using the economic approach. An econometric model will be estimated in order to answer two basic questions: (1) why some courts’ output it is greater than others? (2) Could courts produce a higher output using their actual resources? In addition it will be determine, by means of an analysis of variance (ANOVA), whether courts showing higher than average output have dictated resolutions with a higher reversal rate. 相似文献
138.
Gómez EJ 《Journal of health politics, policy and law》2008,33(1):53-91
This article introduces a new concept to the study of decentralization processes: policy dynamism. At its core is the notion that the sequential and temporal process of health decentralization affect the nature of intergovernmental relationships and municipal bureaucratic capacity. Examining the case of Brazil, I argue that the rush to decentralize health services to municipalities has, in the absence of sufficient financial and technical assistance from the federal and state governments, increased state-municipal conflict over the management of health policy, limiting municipalities' ability to increase bureaucratic capacity. Consequently, some states have attempted to recentralize reforms, generating further conflict between both subnational levels of government. While some municipalities have tried to overcome these problems by creating associations and working with international organizations, several bureaucratic obstacles remain. This article attributes these outcomes not to federal institutions and economic constraints (the traditional approach in the literature) but rather to the noninstitutional, temporal policy dynamics of decentralization. 相似文献
139.
Csaba Varga 《Acta Juridica Hungarica》2001,42(3-4):181-201
Scholarship has already warned us to soundness in relation to modernisationist legal reforms. For it consistently (1) emphasised the framework-creating nature of the otherwise prevailing social normativity, and its primordial role in determining social processes, (2) put the possibility and demand of organicity with every step in the limelight, (3) did not consider the effectiveness of initiating elitist actions to influence overall social movements plannable for the long run and with lasting effects. Therefore, it regarded any regulatory legal intervention as the primarily symbolic confirmation with sanctioning of the direction otherwise ongoing movements were taking, (4) warned to the damages caused by any adventurer policy in as much as they not only fail, but discredit even the thought of change itself. Therefore, it (5) gave voice to the advantage of a systematically planned, consistent, convincing, pragmatic, and all-comprehensive social programme, as opposed to the occasional temptations of worldcuring intentions, exposed to the alternate danger of sudden forwarding and quick tiring, supported solely by intellectual arguments. 相似文献
140.
G Bujdosó 《Forensic science international》1990,47(3):229-235
Minor N.Ny., a 2-year-old girl, was examined in 1986 in a contested paternity case by an order of court. The defendant did not admit paternity and named another man, so anthropological and blood-group examinations were performed on mother, child and the two men. Giving expert opinion may prove to be difficult following anthropological examinations for developmental anomalies of either party. However, the observed disease or developmental anomaly may have clinical importance for parties examined 'by chance'. In our case morphological deviation was detected in mother. 相似文献