Prevalence of psychoactive substances in truck drivers in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region (France)

A previous study conducted in 1995 showed that psychoactive drug use by workers was higher in safety/security workstations than in the rest of the labour force. In order to verify this finding, we conducted a new study in 2003-2004 in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, restricted to truck drivers. The aim of this study was to allow harmonizing the professional practice of the occupational physicians, proposing drug prevention and drug testing policies, validating the analytical methods and the guidelines in case of positive testing results. One thousand truck drivers were studied. Urines were tested for amphetamines, cannabinoids, cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine and methadone by immunoassay. Urine ethanol determinations were performed by an ADH method. Positive urines for drugs of abuse, methadone or buprenorphine were then tested by gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Out of the 1000 drivers, cannabinoids were detected in 85 cases, opiates in 41 cases, amphetamines in 3 cases and cocaine in only one case. Buprenorphine was detected in 18 cases, methadone in 5 cases and benzodiazepines in 4 cases. Urine ethanol was positive in 50 cases. We found only one case with 6-monoacetylmorphine. Other positive opiates were metabolites of antitussives. The relatively low number of benzodiazepine positive urines could be explained by the lack of sensitivity of the test we used. All these results confirm those of the previous study for cannabinoids and ethanol in safety/security workstations. Positive results for methadone and buprenorphine are eight times higher than in the general population. In conclusion, the authors think that it will be of a great interest to test urine of truck drivers for other classes of psychoactive drugs, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method.     

Jing Wang,The Other Digital China: Nonconfrontational Activism on the Social Web

Journal of Chinese Political Science -     

高等学校不作为的可诉性探讨

虽然司法实践中学校已经被纳入司法审查的范围,但是对于学校的法律地位的界定在理论界仍然存在着争论,不管是特殊的民事主体理论,还是法律法规授权的组织理论都存在一定的局限性,对该问题难以自圆其说。这其中有一些高校不作为的情形:拒发毕业证、学位证等,由于表现形式多样,进行相应的司法救济和要求国家赔偿虽然非常必要但也有很多困难,因此借鉴其他国家的公务法人理论有助于我国较好地解决该问题,为司法实践工作提供理论上的依据,也符合我国进行的事业单位改革的方向。     

论现场心理痕迹分析

当前,无论是侦查理论界还是侦查实务界对现场心理痕迹分析都有一定的研究,并取得了相应的成果。但相比国外的犯罪现场分析法、侦查心理学和行为证据分析法的研究,国内的研究仍处于＂潜科学阶段＂,未形成系统的观点和理论且实践性研究较为薄弱,与理性研究还有一定差距。为了更好地为侦查破案服务,现场心理痕迹分析研究应条理化、系统化和模式化。在切实加强基础理论研究的同时,借鉴英美国家的研究方法,对已破案件的犯罪嫌疑人进行访谈,通过案例积累,为基础理论研究提供丰富的素材,建立符合我国国情的犯罪行为人心理分析指标体系,并将培养专业的心理痕迹分析人员作为公安队伍建设的一项长期计划。     

从纠偏束权到集成创新:巡视制度的生成机制与演变逻辑

巡视制度是政治监督体系的重要组成部分。针对有限理性下的官员谋利、多重委托-代理关系中的信息级差、层级传递过程中的权威流失等现象,巡视通过制度联动,发挥了纠偏束权功能。党的十八大以来,巡视制度不断创新完善,实现了从纠偏束权到集成创新的范式演变,具体表现为从纠偏威慑到组织权威重塑、从单向问责到双向责任约束、从片状覆盖到网状扩散、从正向过程反馈到逆向结果复查等变化。党内巡视制度的变迁不是一种临时性的替代安排,而是传统巡视方式和新型监督关系的交融,其演变是渐进、长期、全面和深刻的。在全面从严治党的背景下,巡视制度优化了权力监督结构,拓宽了信息渠道,增加了政治信任和政治稳定,在实现巡视与反腐协同联动方面发挥了关键作用。     

“绿色原则”视阈下预重整制度的功能性建构

《中华人民共和国民法典》规定“绿色原则”的基础含义为环境保护,其深层表达为节约资源和可持续发展。“绿色原则”既促进人与自然的和谐发展,也表达了资源、资本的可持续利用。破产法作为市场经济的重要法律,兼具市场出清和挽救再生的双重功能。其中预重整制度因其有效提高破产重整成功率,挽救债务企业于困境,是“绿色原则”在破产法中张力的重要体现。预重整制度一面可以通过简化程序节约司法资源、社会资源,另一面还可以延续债务人经验、商誉,避免浪费、最大化促进债务人可持续发展。     

Mutual Trust and Cross-Border Enforcement of Judgments in Civil Matters in the EU: Does the Step-by-Step Approach Work?

Netherlands International Law Review - Mutual trust is one of the cornerstones of cooperation in the field of European Union private international law. Based on this principle the rules on the...