The “revival of communism” or the effect of institutions?: The 1993 Polish parliamentary elections

In several Eastern European countries the breakdown of communism in 1989 was followed by a surprising return to power of post-communist parties. Yet, some electoral victories of post-communists look puzzling when contrasted with a small size of a shift in voters' preferences that has led to them. Such is the case of the 1993 Polish parliamentary elections. Using partition-function form games and results of simulated elections, we estimate the impact of three factors that were blamed, in addition to the shift to the left in voters' preferences, for the 1993 victory of the post-communists in Poland. We show that the shift to the left was insufficient to assure post-communists an electoral victory, and that this victory would not have happened under the old electoral law or under a unified coalition of the Right. Our results show the high sensitivity of emerging democracies to the details of their institutional backbones.     

苏联新经济政策时期城市住房管理体制转型初探

战时共产主义时期,受马克思主义理论和直接过渡思想的影响,苏维埃政府颁布了集中化的住房管理政策,试图迅速改善劳动群众的居住条件,一举解决住房危机。然而在实践中,因为国家无法独自挑起解决住房危机的重担,以及住房管理的责权关系不明确等原因,集中化住房管理体制既无法有效管理住房,也不能整治战争对住房事业造成的创伤和解决住房危机。到了新经济政策时期,为了继续解决住房短缺问题,苏维埃政府调整了住房管理政策,住房管理体制由国家集中管理向国家、集体和个人分散管理转型。分散化住房管理方式取得了积极成效,城市居民的居住条件得到了初步改善。     

场所搜查范围的判断基准——以宪法隐私权为视角

公民住宅不受侵犯是宪法所赋予我国公民的基本权利。该权利要求在对场所进行刑事搜查时应当根据一定的基准将其分为住宅和其他场所,并适用不同的搜查程序以体现出对公民住宅权利的保护。西方所普遍接受的隐私权理论为住宅和其他场所的界分提供了良好的理论基础,这一点在我国刑事立法存在空白的情况下具有尤为重要的借鉴价值。我国的司法实践应当采用宪法隐私权学说作为区分住宅和其他场所的理论基础,并在此基础上采用对公众的开放性原则作为判断基准。     

Address at the ＂Great Wall Peace Forum＂

On the occasion of 60^th anniversary of new China, China NGO Network for International Exchanges （CNIE） and China Great Wall Society have cosponsored the ＂Great Wall Peace Forum＂. Friends, experts and scholars from China and abroad are gathering here in Shanhaiguan to exchange views on the topic of peace. We hope that everyone speaks his mind freely, offers advice and suggestions for the cause of world peace.     

Closing Address at the Meeting of the 10~(th) Council of the Chinese Association for International Understanding

The meeting of the 10th Council of the Chinese Association for International Understanding has accomplished all its agenda according to the schedule, and come to an end. The meeting has reviewed and summarized the work of the 9th council, brought up a train of thought on the work in the future, adopted the report of the ＂revised draft to the constitutions of CAFIU＂, and elected the new leadership. I＇m honored to serve as thePresident of CAFIU. Here I would like to thank you for your trust in me.     

诉讼调解的经济分析——以法院为中心

在新制度经济学的视角下,诉讼调解是一种理性活动,法院在调解程序的选择和适用上不可避免地会追逐自身利益的最大化。法院的自利行为与实现当事人利益最大化的调解制度的根本目标之间常常会发生悖离。因此,我国调解制度必须控制法院的利益驱动,规范法院的调解行为,强化当事人的程序选择权和程序决定权。     

Attachment Styles and Aggression in Physically Abused and Neglected Children

Attachment theory provides a valuable conceptual model for understanding the role of the parent–child relationship and its consequences for the child's emerging self-concept and view of the social world. Attachment style is an individual-difference variable that is rooted in the child's early rearing experience and provides the context for later emotional, behavioral, and cognitive transactions with the environment. The aim of this study was to compare physically abused (n = 41), and neglected children (n = 38) with nonabused/nonneglected children (n = 35) aged 6–12 years, in terms of their attachment styles and their levels of aggression. We found that the physically abused children were significantly characterized by the avoidant attachment style and manifested significantly higher levels of aggression, and the neglected children were significantly characterized with the anxious/ambivalent attachment style. The strategies that the physically abused and neglected children adapted for interactions with their parents also marked their relationships outside the family. Thus, physically abused children are at risk of antisocial behavior and sustained suspicion toward the others, and neglected children are at risk of social withdrawal, and social rejection and feelings of incompetence.     

论网络媒介对未成年人犯罪的“蝴蝶”效应

"蝴蝶"效应理论认为事物发展的结果对初始条件具有极为敏感的依赖性,初始条件的极小偏差,将会引起结果的极大差异。在我国,网络媒介承载着多元文化价值的传播功能,尤其对主流文化思想的传播、传承发挥着作用。然而,在未成年人犯罪问题上,由于网络不良信息介质对未成年人的世界观、人生观和价值观形成强烈冲击,导致未成年人道德行为失范而犯罪。而这种细微的变化所呈现出的"蝴蝶"效应往往为人们所忽视。