Between a rock and many Hard Places: The PDS and government participation in the eastern German Länder1

It is now widely recognised that unification has led to an increased regionalisation of party politics in the Federal Republic. On the one hand a significant number of decision-making competencies within parties remain decentralised. On the other, regional party systems have become ever more differentiated both from each other and from that which exists at the national level. This article assesses to what extent there is any empirical evidence supporting such ideas by comparing four PDS Landesverbände. The article illustrates that ideological differences, personality clashes and different strategic agendas ensure that each the of the four Landesverbände has a different profile and can behave in strikingly different ways – highlighting that parties have much more room to manoeuvre at the Land level than is traditionally believed.     

改组猪IL-2基因与CpG序列对猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫应答的影响

将改组的猪白细胞介素-2基因(VRIL2S)与重组CpG(VRIC)质粒经离子交联法制备的壳聚糖纳米颗粒(CNP)包裹后(CNP-VRIL2S-VRIC),肌肉注射给已接种猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗的免疫猪,接种后第7、14、28、42和56 d采集静脉血栓测猪的免疫应答变化,并测定血清免疫球蛋白和白细胞介素含量.结果显示,接种组猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IL-4以及特异性抗体和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的含量显著高于空质粒疫苗对照组,同时外周血液的淋巴细胞和单核细胞数量也较对照组显著增加(P<0.05).结果表明,CNP-VRIL2S-VR1C能持久显著提高猪对伪狂犬病灭活疫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平,具有被研制为高效安全的分子免疫增强剂的潜力.     

中国近代宪政失败的原因探析

文章从介绍“民本”和“民主”两词的含义入手，简要回顾了两词背后的东西方传统政治思想，并通过这种回顾比较了东方国家的宪政之路，由此分析出中国近代宪政失败的原因所在。     

回顾与展望:能源供需关系及其影响

“十五”期间,我国能源供需关系紧张,一方面影响了国民经济的正常运行,另一方面也极大地刺激了能源生产与能源建设。造成“十五”期间能源供需关系紧张的原因主要是经济过热,高耗能的重化工业发展加快,以及我国过去对能源供需关系的调控过度,提高能源效率、节约能源工作的力度不够。我国的能源资源不足在很大程度上促使我国能源战略由追求自我平衡为主转向利用国内国际两种能源资源;我国能源过度消费引起的生态环境问题以及能源安全问题又促使我国能源政策由鼓励生产达到供需平衡转向节能、环保。“十一五”规划中进一步明确了我国能源工业发展方针是节约优先,立足国内,构筑稳定、经济、清洁能源供应体系。解决我国能源供需矛盾的根本出路是提高能源效率。     

微波消解ICP-MS法检测生物检材中汞元素

目的 建立生物检材中汞的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法.方法 采用微波消解法处理样品,以铟(115In)作内标,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对血液、尿液和头发中的汞含量进行分析.选择金与汞形成金汞齐,对金消除汞记忆效应的能力进行考察.结果 方法检出限为0.01μg/L,准确度为97.0%～107.1%.检测中添加金质量浓度在...     

创伤性脑损伤动物模型研究进展

创伤性脑损伤(traumatic brain injury,TBI)是多因素作用的高度复杂过程,TBI动物实验研究有利于阐明TBI原发性、继发性损伤机制及病理生理学过程,为诊断及治疗提供依据.动物模型的选择依赖于研究目的,然而各种动物模型均具有局限性,仅能复制TBI关键的损伤机制或某一重要的病理生理学过程而无法全面反映...     

Microcrystal analysis of cocaine hydrochloride and added adulterants

The objective of this project was to investigate the trends of changes in the crystal morphology of cocaine in the presence of the common adulterants, caffeine and lidocaine HCl. By performing gold chloride microcrystal tests on samples of cocaine with adulterants at 10, 20, and 50% concentrations, trends in the changes of the crystal morphology can be linked to specific adulterants and concentrations. For cocaine/caffeine mixtures, the trend is elongation of one axis, additional branching, and brown discoloration of the crystals. At 50:50 cocaine/caffeine mixtures, branched spherical crystals and long needles appear. The trends for cocaine/lidocaine mixtures include elongation of one axis with an X-shaped middle axis. The axes continue to grow and branching decreases until at 50%, spherical clusters of needles appear. These results indicate microcrystal analysis can be used as a novel method for presumptively identifying not only cocaine but also the identity and concentration of the adulterant.     

远期运费协议的法律性质及管辖问题——评中国第一起航运金融衍生品纠纷

作为海事司法审判中出现的新类型纠纷,远期运费协议主要是为了解决日益突出的运费风险问题,它从传统的包运合同和期租合同进一步演变而来,使其在航运的基础上又具有了更多的金融色彩。从远期运费协议的产生、协议的主体身份以及交易形式等多方面对其法律性质进行分析,主张鉴于其与船舶、海上货物运输等密切相关,有关远期运费协议等航运金融衍生品纠纷丰富了海商法的内容,属海商法的特别范畴,适宜由海事法院管辖。