The Indirect Influence of Politics on Tort Liability of Public Authorities in English Law

The scope of negligence liability of public authorities in English law has undergone significant changes in the Post‐World War II period, first expanding and then, from the mid‐1980s, retracting. This article tries to explain why this happened not by focusing, as is common in most commentary on this area of law, on changing doctrinal “tests,” but rather by tying it to changes in the background political ideology. My main contention is that political change has brought about a change in the law, but that it did so by affecting the scope of the political domain, and by implication, also the scope of the legal one. More specifically, I argue that Britain's Post‐War consensus on the welfare state has enabled the courts to expand state liability in accordance with emerging notions of the welfare state without seeming to take the law into controversial territory. When Thatcher came to power, the welfare state was no longer in consensus, thus making further development of legal doctrines on welfarist lines appear politically contentious. The courts therefore reverted back to older doctrines that seemed less politically charged in the new political atmosphere of the 1980s.     

Structured uncertainty: a pilot study on innovation in China’s mobile phone handset industry

This paper explains why many small and medium-sized (SME) private high-technology Chinese manufacturing firms survive and thrive within an institutional and political system arrayed against them. We use the mobile phone handset industry as an illustrative case of the vitality and capabilities of Chinese SMEs. We argue that in capitalizing on the advantages offered by the global fragmentation of production, while also being constrained by an institutional climate of structured uncertainty, Chinese non-state firms have chosen a pattern of incremental innovation in their search for competitive advantage. Despite falling outside central government innovation plans and engaging in practices inimical to nurturing novel product innovation capabilities, these firms have a sustainable business model based on niche tailoring, rapid product introduction and utilization of standardized components.     

公安院校《大学语文》的学科基础和教学定位

《大学语文》是公安院校普遍开设的“人文素质”基础课。与当前高校课程改革的步伐相一致,公安院校“大学语文应走向 何方”成为公安院校师生共同关注的一个话题。积极探讨该课程的学科基础,并在此基础上定位相应的教学方法,是本文所探讨的中 心。只有明确了这两点,公安院校“大学语文”教学改革探讨才能有的放矢。     

弥漫性轴索损伤的研究进展

弥漫性轴索损伤（diffuse axonal injury,DAI）以脑白质轴索弥漫性损伤为主要特征,迄今其形成机制尚未完全阐明,不同学科诊断标准迥异,是法医学和神经科学亟待解决的难题。磁共振弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）通过检测弥散参数及纤维束成像（fibre tracking,FT）可准确地反映轴索损伤部位及损伤程度,具有广泛的法医学应用前景。本文综述DAI发生机制及诊断方法的研究进展,尤其DTI技术在DAI诊断中的应用。     

遗传标记微单倍型在法医学中的研究进展

微单倍型作为一种新型的法医学遗传标记,在国际法医学界已经引起了越来越多的关注。微单倍型是在较短片段内(例如200bp),包含2个或以上个SNP,具有单倍型多态性的序列。相较于STR,微单倍型突变率低,在混合斑鉴定中具有一定优势;与SNP相比较,微单倍型的多态性更高。选择含有祖先信息特征的微单倍型,在种群分析鉴定中具有应用价值。本文就微单倍型的演变,分型方法,命名及群体特征等方面作一综述。     

我国银行业竞争推进制度研究

我国银行业的垄断问题主要并不是由于处于寡占地位的国有银行实施限制竞争行为造成的,而是国家干预、管制的结果。传统的反垄断执法和司法对这种管制下的垄断无能为力,只能被动地等待银行业主管部门的自我觉醒,或者象民间金融危机之类事件发生之后才意识到问题的存在。竞争推进是各国竞争主管部门的实务工作者在实践中探索出来的竞争执法之外的手段。通过竞争性评估、引入竞争和培育竞争文化等竞争推进制度,将促进我国银行业的有效竞争和金融资源的分配公平。     

改组猪IL-2基因与CpG序列对猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫应答的影响

将改组的猪白细胞介素-2基因(VRIL2S)与重组CpG(VRIC)质粒经离子交联法制备的壳聚糖纳米颗粒(CNP)包裹后(CNP-VRIL2S-VRIC),肌肉注射给已接种猪伪狂犬病灭活疫苗的免疫猪,接种后第7、14、28、42和56 d采集静脉血栓测猪的免疫应答变化,并测定血清免疫球蛋白和白细胞介素含量.结果显示,接种组猪血清中IL-2、IL-6、IL-4以及特异性抗体和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM的含量显著高于空质粒疫苗对照组,同时外周血液的淋巴细胞和单核细胞数量也较对照组显著增加(P<0.05).结果表明,CNP-VRIL2S-VR1C能持久显著提高猪对伪狂犬病灭活疫苗的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平,具有被研制为高效安全的分子免疫增强剂的潜力.     

国家经济安全预警指标体系的构建

国家经济安全预警指标的选择原则一般应包括完备性原则、主要性原则、可测性原则和独立性原则。在此基础上确定的预警指标体系可以分为财金安全预警指标、社会安全预警指标、外经安全预警指标、资源安全预警指标和产业安全预警指标等。经济安全预警指标体系,应该是一个分层的树状结构。国家经济安全态势的恶化,往往是一个或少数几个风险因素演化和交互作用的结果,而通过整个指标体系层层加权综合得出的指数往往会弱化某些风险因素的影响,导致经济整体安全评价值的不准确。而基于案例的评价方法的推广应用,有赖于案例数据库质量和评价技术的可靠性,这两者将是今后的重要研究方向。     

牛霉形体PCR检测方法的建立

参考GenBank中牛霉形体和无乳霉形体P81基因的序列差异,设计了针对牛霉形体P81基因的PCR引物,建立了牛霉形体PCR检测方法.并对该方法进行了敏感性和特异性试验.该方法可以从100ccu/mL(ccu:color change unit,颜色变化单位)的牛霉形体培养物中检出目的片段;经对丝状霉形体丝状亚种SC型(MmmSC)PG1株、丝状霉形体丝状亚种LC型(MmmLC)Y-goat株、山羊霉形体山羊亚种(Mccp)87001株、无乳霉形体(M.agalactiae)PG2株、绵羊肺炎霉形体Y-98株等亲缘关系相近的霉形体纯培养物检测,结果证实该方法具有良好的特异性.利用建立的PCR检测方法可以从人工感染牛的鼻拭子和临床发病牛肺中扩增出目的片段,与分离培养结果完全符合,本方法为国内首次建立的敏感、特异、快速的牛霉形体PCR检测方法.