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991.
Monic P. Behnken W. Todd Abraham Carolyn E. Cutrona Daniel W. Russell Ronald L. Simons Frederick X. Gibbons 《Journal of criminal justice》2014
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose a mediational model for the mechanisms through which a diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder between the ages of 10 and 12 predicts positive and negative early adult outcomes for African Americans.Methods
The study sample (n = 211) was drawn from the Des Moines, Iowa subsample of the Family and Community Health Study. Participants were first assessed between the ages of 10 and 12, again between the ages of 12 and 18, and finally at 18 to 23.Results
Findings indicate that a diagnosis of ADHD before age 13 indirectly predicted subsequent exclusionary school discipline and juvenile arrest in adolescence, and both arrests and educational attainment in young adulthood.Conclusions
These findings offer support for the School to Prison Pipeline model, showing that for some African American children, a childhood diagnosis of ADHD can lead to negative school experiences that result in harsh school-based discipline, which in turn open the door to justice system involvement spanning several developmental stages. 相似文献992.
993.
Voter initiatives are important for policy making in many countries. While much research shows that the initiative process affects policy choices, almost no evidence explains how the initiative process affects policy. Initiatives might change policy directly through voters approving laws that override the legislature; or the initiative process may change policy indirectly by providing a threat that induces the legislature to change policy. This article develops an empirical strategy to measure the direct and indirect effects of the initiative based on the idea that direct effects can be inferred from states that actually pass initiatives while indirect effects can be inferred from states where the initiative is available but not used. Evidence from 50 states on nine separate issues suggests that both direct and indirect effects are important, but the direct effect is several times larger than the threat effect. 相似文献
994.
Joseph Daniel Ura 《American journal of political science》2014,58(1):110-126
This article is a first attempt to develop and assess the competing predictions of the thermostatic model of public opinion and legitimation theory for the responses of public mood to Supreme Court decisions. While the thermostatic model predicts a negative relationship between the ideological direction of Supreme Court decisions and changes in public mood, legitimation theory predicts that changes in mood should be positively associated with the ideological content of the Court's actions. I assess these rival expectations by modeling the dynamic relationship between mood and cumulative judicial liberalism. The model estimates indicate a complex interaction between the Court and the mass public characterized by short‐term backlash against Supreme Court decisions in mood followed by long‐run movement toward the ideological positions taken by the Court. The results emphasize the legitimacy of the Court in American politics and point to a unique role for the Court in shaping public opinion. 相似文献
995.
Aasa Marshall Daniel Bland 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》2019,62(3):393-412
In late 2015 and early 2016, the Canadian government resettled 25,000 Syrian refugees within roughly a three‐month period. This initiative brought a much higher number of refugees to Canada than are usually accepted in that time frame and put pressure on the resettlement system. This article focuses on policy learning on the part of street‐level bureaucrats—employees of the organizations that do the work of resettling Government Assisted Refugees at the community level—and how they dealt with the pressure created by this situation. The findings indicate that the Syrian initiative exposed weaknesses in the existing system and created new obstacles with which street‐level bureaucrats working for Service Provider Organizations (SPOs) had to contend. Presented with an overwhelming strain on the system, street‐level bureaucrats at Saskatoon SPOs performed a real‐time evaluation of the system in which they work and devised solutions to issues as they arose. 相似文献
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999.
Gouvernance municipale et information: étude exploratoire sur l’utilisation optimale des données 311
Daniel J. Caron Eric Lyall Nelson Sara Bernardi 《Canadian public administration. Administration publique du Canada》2020,63(4):602-619
This article presents exploratory research into the potential for using artificial intelligence to analyze information obtained through requests made to municipal non-emergency call centers/centres municipaux d’appels non urgents (CANU). The research identifies three possible uses of information from a CANU, either for internal management, service delivery or strategic decision-making. These uses of information are explored through the analysis of the City of Gatineau CANU. The results determine two sets of hypotheses to promote optimal use of the data collected using sophisticated digital tools. Research shows that CANUs could be information nodes dedicated to the processing, distribution and strategic analysis of information. 相似文献
1000.
Daniel Martin 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(2):187-209
The intellectual study of public administration was developed by two separate groups with two distinctive orientations to the field, called here the “Public Service” and the “Public Management” orientations. Both orientations have coexisted in public administration despite their differences largely because they each addresses some of the weaknesses of the other. The continuing tug of war between the orientations provides much of public administration's confusion over its sense of purpose and identity, but also much of its dynamic nature. 相似文献