Stärkung der Belange lärmbetroffener Anwohner bei Flughafenneu- oder -ausbau durch die Gerichte

Das Interesse am Schutz vor Flugl?rm bei einem Flughafenneu- oder -ausbau stellt einen abw?gungserheblichen Belang im Rahmen der erforderlichen Abw?gung dar. Der nachfolgende Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass die Gerichte die Belange l?rmbetroffener Anwohner st?rker gewichten als die zust?ndigen Beh?rden.     

Intersex/variations of sex characteristics and DSD citizenship in the UK,Italy and Switzerland

ABSTRACT

Citizenship studies is highly relevant to understanding intersex, variations of sex characteristics (VSC), and Disorders of Sex Development (DSD), yet little scholarship exists to date about intersex citizenship. This article outlines and develops the foundations for a distinctive intersex citizenship studies, addressing health citizenship, children’s citizenship, legal rights, and breaches of human rights experienced by intersex people and those with DSD. The paper presents original qualitative data from research in the UK, Italy and Switzerland with intersex people and their advocates, medics, and policy stakeholders. It shows that asserting citizenship is crucial for intersex people and those with VSC or DSD. This extremely marginalised population require social, intimate, children’s and health citizenship. Intersex citizenship addresses both medical and human rights issues in an integrated way.     

Subcultural Theory Applied to Jihadi and Right-Wing Radicalization in Germany

This article assesses the applicability of subcultural theories to individual cases of jihadi and Right-wing radicalization in Germany, with a focus on the individual initial situation and motivation for involvement. Within an overall qualitative research design, the article tests deviance/strain and Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) subcultural theories against four jihadi and three Right-wing extremist cases. The findings show little support for the strain-based status frustration hypothesis, but confirm the illegitimate opportunity structure thesis; modified versions of the CCCS’ resistance, bricolage, and homology concepts; as well as some of the postmodern approaches to agency and cultural cross-fertilization. The jihadi and Right-wing radicals examined here are assertive and purposive agents, strategically using the rich cultural arsenal available in the mainstream and/or other subcultures, while at the same time being themselves influenced by contemporary mainstream preferences of style. The article discusses the implications of these findings for radicalization research and specific subcultural approaches. It argues for a greater focus on both individual agency and the (sub-)cultural context for an improved understanding of individual involvement in political violence.     

Neue Rechtsprechung zur Verbrauchereigenschaft von GmbH-Gesellschaftern

Im Februar 2007 hat sich der OGH in der Entscheidung 7 Ob 266/06b neuerlich mit der Verbraucher- bzw Unternehmereigenschaft von GmbH-Gesellschaftern befasst und erstmals dezidiert ausgesprochen, dass das Abstellen auf die (formale) Gesch?ftsführungsbefugnis stets Voraussetzung für die Unternehmereigenschaft ist. Zu der in der Literatur strittigen Frage, ab welchem Beteiligungsausma? der (gesch?ftsführende) Gesellschafter als Unternehmer anzusehen ist, hat der OGH hingegen nicht Stellung genommen. Der vorliegende Kurzbeitrag gibt zun?chst die bisherige Rsp sowie den bisherigen Diskussionsstand zu diesem Thema wieder und setzt sich sodann kritisch mit den zentralen Kernaussagen dieser Entscheidung auseinander. Abschlie?end werden die Auswirkungen dieser Rsp auf die praktische Vertragsgestaltung exemplarisch anhand von Optionsvertr?gen dargestellt.     

Rethinking Explicit Consent and Intimate Data: The Case of Menstruapps

Feminist Legal Studies - Period-tracking software applications or ‘menstruapps’ have witnessed a surge in popularity in recent years. At the same time, many of them are a part of the...     

US and EU Human Rights and Democracy Promotion since the Arab Spring. Rethinking its Content,Targets and Instruments

The momentous changes in the Middle East and North Africa have brought the issue of human rights and democracy promotion back to the forefront of international politics. The new engagement in the region of both the US and the EU can be scrutinised along three dimensions: targets, instruments and content. In terms of target sectors, the US and EU are seeking to work more with civil society. As for instruments, they have mainly boosted democracy assistance and political conditionality, that is utilitarian, bilateral instruments of human rights and democracy promotion, rather than identitive, multilateral instruments. The content of human rights and democracy promotion has not been revised.     

GABA Receptors,Alcohol Dependence and Criminal Behavior

The aim of this study was to analyze the connection between alcohol dependence and criminal behavior by an integrated genetic–environmental approach. The research, structured as a case–control study, examined 186 alcohol‐dependent males; group 1 (N = 47 convicted subjects) was compared with group 2 (N = 139 no previous criminal records). Genetic results were innovative, highlighting differences in genotype distribution (p = 0.0067) in group 1 for single‐nucleotide polymorphism rs 3780428, located in the intronic region of subunit 2 of the GABA B receptor gene (GABBR2). Some environmental factors (e.g., grade repetition) were associated with criminal behavior; others (e.g., attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous) were inversely related to convictions. The concomitant presence of the genetic and environmental factors found to be associated with the condition of alcohol‐dependent inmate showed a 4‐fold increase in the risk of antisocial behavior. The results need to be replicated on a larger population to develop new preventive and therapeutic proposals.