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941.
Matejkowski J Festinger DS Benishek LA Dugosh KL 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(4):269-274
Neither punitive nor therapeutic approaches alone are effective at addressing the dual public health and public safety concerns associated with managing criminal behavior perpetrated by people who have psychiatric and substance use disorders. The optimal solution may instead require the integration of both criminal justice supervision and treatment. Using problem-solving courts (PSCs) as a model, we focus on one dimension of this integrated approach, distinguishing between behavior that stems from willful noncompliance with supervision and behavior that results from nonresponsivity to treatment. First, we discuss the public health and public safety consequences of using singular approaches to address the criminal behavior of this population. We then present lessons learned from PSCs that distinguish between noncompliant and nonresponsive behaviors in making treatment and supervision decisions. Finally, we consider how the concepts of nonresponsivity and noncompliance may be extended, via policy, to probation and parole settings as well as mental health and substance abuse treatment services outside the criminal justice setting in order to enhance public health and safety. 相似文献
942.
Mellsop GW Fraser D Tapsell R Menkes DB 《International journal of law and psychiatry》2011,34(5):331-335
In considering psychiatric evidence, criminal justice systems make considerable use of labels from official psychiatric classificatory systems. There are legislated requirements for psychological and/or behavioural phenomena to be addressed in legal tests, however medico-legal use of the current categorical diagnostic frameworks which are increasingly complex is difficult to justify. The lack of validity in large domains of the present classificatory systems is now more openly acknowledged, prompting a critical rethink. Illustrative examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, various personality disorders, and dissociative identity disorder. It follows that the Courts' faith in the present categorical classifications (e.g., DSMIV and ICD10) is misplaced and may be ultimately unhelpful to the administration of justice. 相似文献
943.
David Alm 《Law and Philosophy》2011,30(1):51-76
The paper argues that promise rights presuppose independently existing (if not pre-existing) claims. The argument relies on
the Bifurcation Thesis, according to which all claims, and all rights, can be exhaustively divided into two categories: capacity
based and exercise based. 相似文献
944.
Chen F Chen Y Yu Y Qiang Y Liu M Fulton D Chen T 《Forensic science international》2011,212(1-3):272.e1-272.e6
The purpose of this study was to acquire accurate data of craniofacial soft tissue thickness (CFSTT) and nasal profile in Chinese people of Han population. A total of 31 anatomical landmarks and 4 nasal profile parameters were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 425 subjects (233 males and 192 females). In the present study, the mean CFSTT values of male subjects exceeded those of female subjects at most anatomical landmarks except at seven (22.58%) and 6 out of the 7 landmarks were bilateral anatomical landmark points. The age-related and sex × age interactions were found to be statistically significant at all landmarks. Significant differences were found in the nasal profile data of males and females, and 15 out of 20 different groups had significant differences between sexes, and the mean values of nasal length, nasal height, nasal depth and nasal breadth in males were all greater than those in females. Furthermore, both CFSTT and nasal profile showed good correlation with age. The thickest CFSTT of male and female were found at the respective ages of 45-59 and 35-44, and the nasal profile becomes more constant after 24 years of age. CFSTT of the lower part of the face shows greater variation compared to the upper part, so special care needs to be applied when reconstructing the lower portion of the face. Our data on CFSTT and nasal profile for the Chinese Xi'an Han population is important in understanding craniofacial characteristics of the Chinese population and might be potentially helpful in forensic identification. 相似文献
945.
Tara S. Duckworth David S. Kreiner Kim Stark-Wroblewski Patricia A. Marsh 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2011,26(1):11-19
Mistaken eyewitness identifications are believed to contribute to a preponderance of wrongful convictions, underscoring the
need to identify methods to help decrease the likelihood of false convictions based on eyewitness testimony. The present study
tested the hypothesis that providing jurors with first-hand experience with eyewitness identification procedures could help
further sensitize them to the limitations of eyewitness testimony. Eighty college students watched a videotaped mock trial
in which the prosecution’s sole evidence was eyewitness testimony. In a 2 × 2 randomized factorial design, we manipulated
whether participants heard expert psychological testimony (henceforth referred to as expert testimony) on the limitations of eyewitness identification and whether they experienced an eyewitness identification procedure. As
predicted, experiencing the eyewitness identification procedure had a significant impact on juror decisions, suggesting that
this procedure could further help reduce the likelihood of wrongful convictions. 相似文献
946.
947.
948.
David C. Mowery 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2011,36(6):697-711
A substantial literature on nanotechnology innovation and commercial development has characterized several elements of these
phenomena as constituting new developments in the US national innovation system. Among these elements are the (asserted) “post-academic”
nature of US universities’ involvement with nanotechnology R&D, and federal funding of nanotechnology R&D on goals related
to economic competitiveness. This paper challenges the “novelty” of these elements, while suggesting that other elements of
nanotechnology R&D, including the extensive patenting of the results of nanotechnology-related research and the emphasis within
many university-industry collaborations on patent-based channels for “technology transfer,” may indeed be new and raise questions
for the long-term efficiency and innovative performance of nanotechnology-related R&D. 相似文献
949.
David Servino Douglas B. Smith Robert D. Porter Matthew D. Brown 《Journal of family violence》2011,26(6):431-438
Intimate partner violence continues to be prevalent, resulting in negative consequences for the individuals involved and for
society as a whole. Perceptions of safety in relationships where intimate partner violence is present is an understudied topic
in the literature. The Safety Assessment of Future Events Scale (SAFE) was developed to assess respondents’ perceptions of
safety in their intimate relationship. The purpose of this study was to examine whether group differences existed on respondents’
SAFE scores. 428 participants from community and clinic samples completed the SAFE and other measures contained in a southwest
university’s marriage and family therapy clinic intake packet. ANCOVA was used to control for gender and setting in determining
if group differences existed on the SAFE based on measures assessing interpersonal violence, relational adjustment, intrapersonal
symptoms, and PTSD symptoms. Results indicated group differences based on gender, interpersonal violence victimization, and
relational adjustment. 相似文献
950.
David R. Sabatelle 《Trends in Organized Crime》2011,14(4):314-331
This study seeks to provide an overview of drug trafficking in Iran, particularly as it relates to the Iran–Afghan and Iran–Pakistan
border regions. Data were obtained from a systematic review of the academic literature and from open sources, including media
reports and official documents. The Iranian government is credited with dedicating substantial resources to combating the
drug trafficking. Despite these efforts, Iran continues to be the most significant transit country for opium and heroin from
Afghanistan. Several factors are identified that help to explain why Iran, despite its efforts, continues to play a central
role in the international drug trade. 相似文献