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131.
Winfred Arthur Jr. Dennis Doverspike 《Journal of prevention & intervention in the community》2013,41(1):35-42
Typically, safety‐related driver education programs are aimed at changing knowledge of vehicle operation rules and regulations. However, vehicle crashes are as likely to be related to driver personality variables as they are to the knowledge of vehicle operation and rules and regulations. In a study with 48 licensed drivers, crashes were found to be significantly correlated with conscientiousness, a five‐factor model personality dimension, but not with scores on a driving knowledge test. It would appear that prevention efforts should also be directed at changing conscientiousness‐related behaviors, including an emphasis on goal‐setting, and following rules and regulations. 相似文献
132.
Why do international comparisons have an impact on some countries while other countries do not respond? This article examines the power of international ratings and rankings (R&R) using the OECD's PISA study and its differential impact on education policymaking as a case study. It argues that international R&R have an impact when two conditions are simultaneously fulfilled: the evaluated topic is framed as crucial in the national discourse, and a substantial gap between national self-perception and the empirical results can be observed. After assessing the media impact of PISA on 21 OECD countries, the theoretical argument is illustrated by an evaluation of the differing reactions of two similarly poorly performing countries: Germany and the US. While the German system of secondary education was strongly affected by the international comparison, beginning with the first PISA study in 2000, and underwent comprehensive changes, the US first responded noticeably in the public and the political discourse only in 2010 to its below-average ranking. 相似文献
133.
Dennis M. Daley 《国际公共行政管理杂志》2013,36(8):1579-1600
This study surveys recruitment and selection practices, focusing upon North Carolina municipal governments. Sources and methods of recruitment, qualifications tested for, and criteria and screening methods used are examined. In addition, the effect of city and organizational size as well as that of governmental structure on these personnel practices are studied. In general, the use of personnel practices is linked to both increased municipal population and the number of public employees. Certain basic techniques (e.g. local advertisement of vacancies, the use of training and education as selection criteria, reference checks, background investigations, and pre-employment interviews) are widespread. However, other personnel techniques associated with objective recruitment and selection (e.g., special recruitment requests to minority, women's, and professional organizations and formal tests) have but limited use. The comparison of job duties with candidate skills along with the use of standard questions as guides for interviews while receiving moderate use merit more. Clearly, there are a number of techniques that only begin to be used extensively when cities exceed a certain threshold (10,000+ population; 100+ employees). The presence of a city manager (in council-manager municipalities) or a town administrator (in mayor-council municipalities) also appears to foster a more professional approach to personnel management. Throughout this study the presence of a town administrator increased the usage of individual techniques; in a number of instances two-, three-, and even four-fold increases are noted. 相似文献
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136.
Ian Howard Dennis 《Criminal Law and Philosophy》2009,3(1):29-49
The article reviews recent developments in England in the law of necessity as a defence to crime and calls for its further
extension. It argues that the defence of necessity presents the criminal law with difficult questions of competing values
and the ordering of harms. English law has taken a nuanced position on the respective roles of the courts and the legislature
in the ordering of harms, although the development of the law has been pragmatic rather than coherently theorised. The law
has granted necessity some scope as an exculpatory principle in the law of general defences, but it has also respected the
primacy of the legislature as the legitimate arbiter of many of the competitions of value that necessity throws up. The recognition
of necessity has not been in the form of a single unified defence of that name. Rather it has taken the form of a number of
defences, based on a principle of necessity, but with different nomenclature and different rationales. This approach to necessity
is defended as right in terms of principle and policy. Any further development of necessity as a general defence should be
restricted to two contexts, namely those of emergencies, and of conflicts of duty, where a danger of death or serious injury
is present.
相似文献
Ian Howard DennisEmail: |
137.
Dennis Y. Wang Chien-Wei Chang Nicola J. Oldroyd Lori K. Hennessy 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):113-114
Forensic databasing laboratories routinely analyze blood or buccal cell samples deposited on FTA® paper. Prior to PCR amplification of the STRs, the FTA® samples must undergo multi-step sample purification protocols to remove the PCR inhibitors present within the sample and from the FTA® paper. The multi-step sample purification protocols are laborious, time-consuming and increase the potential for sample cross-contamination.To eliminate the need for DNA purification, we conducted studies to optimize the PCR buffer and thermal cycling parameters to allow for direct amplification of STRs from blood or buccal samples on FTA® paper. We evaluated the effect of various factors on the DNA profile including: FTA® disc size, blood sample load variation, and buffer formulation. The new STR assay enables the direct amplification of DNA from single source samples on FTA® discs without sample purification. The new STR assay improves the workflow by eliminating tedious steps and minimizing sample handling. Furthermore, the new STR assay reduces cost by eliminating the need for purification reagents and expensive robots. 相似文献
138.
This paper summarizes the broad foundations of the changing nature of parenthood by examining trends in coresidence with children under age 15. Our study uses data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) to provide a portrait of demographic parenthood in the US over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In describing changes in parenthood over the past 110 years, we distinguish between those living with own children and those living with other children. We focus in particular on changes in gender patterns of coresidential parenthood and changes in the likelihood that divorced men and women live with children. We also examine the impact of the baby boom on parenting. Our findings support a recasting of ongoing discussions of the parental roles of American men and women by shifting the historical demographic focus from biological transitions to the social aspects of parenting. 相似文献
139.
ABSTRACTThis paper develops expectations about the likelihood of diversionary conflict initiation by parliamentary democracies with single-party majoritarian (SPM) governments. While most of the literature on diversion and governmental arrangement claims that SPMs have little incentive and/or limited capacity to execute diversionary gambits, we contend that the structural and environmental impetuses for diversion in such states are in fact largely indeterminate. We posit that the psychological attributes of prime ministers under SPM – in particular, their level of distrust – is the most important predictor of how they view structural and environmental constraints, and thus of whether they will militarily divert from poor economic conditions. Distrustful prime ministers are predisposed to the use of force, will dwell on the costs of economic problems, and fear that co-partisan MPs (especially in the cabinet) have designs on their office. Thus, despite having a legislative majority, these leaders will choose diversionary conflict over economic policy fixes. We conduct a partial test of this hypothesis in the British case from 1945 to 2007, and our analyses provide robust support. 相似文献
140.
Dennis Coates 《Public Choice》1995,85(3-4):227-248
This paper uses a pooled time series/cross sectional research design to measure the “personal vote” of three groups of members of Congress. The personal vote is defined here as that part of a candidate's vote share that is unique to him or her. It is measured using a legislator-specific intercept for each legislator in an equation predicting vote share. The other variables in the equation account for the effects of the election year environment and the tenure of the representative. Three cohorts of representatives are analyzed: 1) those whose careers ended before 1966, 2) those whose careers began after 1965, and 3) those whose careers began before 1966 but ended after. The mean legislator-specific intercept is nearly twice as large for the first group as for the second; it is 29 percentage points larger for the first than the third. A second stage regression explains these intercepts using legislator characteristics, party affiliation, region of origin, and number of terms served. The term effects increase at an increasing rate as tenure increases for all those whose careers end after 1966. Personal vote accumulates nearly twice as fast for those first elected after 1965 as for those first elected before 1966. 相似文献