Captured by Partners: Interorganizational Relationships and Fund Allocation Stability in United Way Systems

While organizational systems are associated with innovation and adaptability, interorganizational relationships may be predisposed to stability. Using multinomial logit analysis, we test how resource dependencies affect system stability in local United Way (UW) systems between 2000 and 2010. We find strong support for the resource dependence argument. UW are less likely to drop larger, powerful partners that are strong fundraising partners. However, powerful, long-term partners not contributing to the strategic objectives of the UW system are more likely to experience a decrease in allocations. While powerful resource partners may capture the UW, UW systems continue to change through the addition of new partners and the reallocation of resources among long-term partners. However, context also affects the capacity for change. Larger UWs are more likely to add new partners and less likely to keep long-term partners.     

A formulation of the aggregation problem in terms of coalition and bargaining theory

The object of this paper is to demonstrate in economic terms the equivalence of the problem of aggregation in input-output analysis with coalition and bargaining problems. Depending on the specific norm for aggregation it is shown that the aggregation criterion and the coalition forming criterion in an n-person game leads to a broadly similar situation in the market sense given that the market operates to that criterion. It is also shown that a mathematical analogue to this formulation may be obtained via the techniques of geometric programming.     

An Enigma that is South Asia: India versus the Region

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is now 28 years old, yet its success is nominal. That more important bilateral issues are discussed on the sidelines of SAARC Summits proves the point. Intra-regional trade is still miniscule compared to the region's overall share in the world trade. The biggest defaulter is India, the most prominent member of the group. The purpose of this paper is first to raise the question whether South Asia qualifies to be called a region, and second to argue that, given the problems it faces with most of its neighbours, India is forced to conclude that SAARC matters the least for it. For economic and strategic reasons, India's interests lie in global networking and in a balanced relationship with China. Since Chinese military, diplomatic, and economic presence in South Asia poaches into India's perceived sphere of influence, India's interest in SAARC is limited to that context for otherwise it neither provides large markets for India nor does it contribute to India's strategic policy. Inversely, such a situation justifies India's neighbours playing the China card to bargain with India though that card its losing its value. To buttress our arguments we have drawn from the region's historical experiences as well as from recent developments in international and South Asian politics, including domestic politics.     

Re-crossing a different water: colonialism and Third Worldism in Fiji

This article will discuss the idea of the Third World in Fiji by analysing the internal tensions of the term and the plurality of trajectories emerging from the transnational spaces in which Fijian society must reconstitute itself after decolonisation and the coups of 1987 and 2000. The ethnic issues in Fiji have led to the employment of a number of strategies by both the indigenous and the Indian communities. Some consist of networking within transnational spaces and negotiation with external political and cultural flows, while others are more inward in their everyday strategies. This situation offers a non-reductive way to think about decolonisation, cultural transformation and notions of autonomy and Third World solidarity. The article assumes that cultural forms will always be made, unmade and remade. Communities can and must reconfigure themselves, drawing selectively on remembered pasts. The relevant question is whether, and how, they convince and coerce insiders and outsiders, often in power-charged, unequal situations; for example, the issues of indigenous versus migrant rights to land and franchise in Fiji. Thus, what is lost and rediscovered in new situations becomes part of the realm of normal political or cultural activity.     

FDA preemption of drug and device labeling: who should decide what goes on a drug label?

The Supreme Court decided an issue that is critical to consumer health and safety last year. In April 2009, the Supreme Court held that extensive FDA regulation of drugs did not preempt a state law claim that an additional warning on the label was necessary to make the drug reasonably safe for use. Thus, states--and even courts and juries--are now free to cast their vote on what a drug label should say. This is in direct contrast to medical devices, where the federal statute regulating medical devices expressly provides that state regulations are preempted. This Article discusses basic preemption principles and drugs, and explores the policy ramifications of pro- and anti-preemption policy in the healthcare industry.     

Does financial inclusion stimulate India's economy: A panel data analysis

The study empirically examines the connections between three different measures of financial inclusion with output growth across the states of India. Applying the panel co-integration and error correction model for 26 states and 4 union territories, it concludes that all three measures of financial development with gross fixed capital formation enhance real net state GDP significantly in the long run. Further, a significant reduction in the real net state GDP is also observed during the Global Financial Crisis. This study is important for the Indian policymakers to formulate effective financial inclusion policies leading to the overall development of the Indian economy.