房地产热中的地方政府"经济人"行为

房地产热已是不争的事实.鉴于房地产业在国计民生、经济社会发展以及政府目标达成等方面的重要性,地方政府对其进行全面控制."经济人"本性使地方政府做出的种种有限理性行为,是导致房地产"热"的重要原因.因此,如何有效治理地方政府的"经济人"行为是为房地产"退烧"的关键所在.     

An experimental investigation on optimal bankruptcy laws

We performed an experimental investigation to assess whether the “restricted auction” mechanism proposed by Berkovitch, Israel and Zender in 1997 works effectively as an optimal bankruptcy law or not. An optimal bankruptcy law is a commitment device that implements efficient choices both before (ex ante) and after (ex post) financial distress, even if moral hazard is binding. We designed an experiment focused on ex ante efficiency and we found that the restricted auction mechanism was able to direct an optimal amount of effort toward entrepreneurial activities. This result confirms the theoretical predictions. Nonetheless, we found that under a plain unrestricted auction mechanism our experimental subjects chose to allocate into their firms a larger amount of effort than that predicted by theory. Although difficult to justify on theoretical grounds, this experimental evidence is robust. Our behavioral interpretation is that this result is due to “moral sentiments”, such as the natural propensity of subjects toward socially desirable behaviors. In fact, we show that it vanishes once these motives are removed.     

宪法实施状况的评价方法及其影响

本文从全面和系统地分析目前国内外宪法学界对宪法实施的研究状况出发,指出当下宪法实施理论研究方面存在的问题主要在于没有准确地界定宪法实施概念的性质,以及没有对宪法实施建立起一套科学和合理的分析系统。作者认为,从理论来看,宪法实施是使静态宪法变成动态宪法,宪法实施概念所要解决的主要理论问题是"行动中的宪法",但是宪法实施是一个集主观评价与客观实践于一体的复杂现象,必须要在认真分析宪法实施对象的特征,并在此基础上做出分门别类研究,对实施可能性做出区别对待基础上,才能进行科学的分析;从实践来看,宪法实施概念具有很强的目的性,需要解决特定的宪法问题,因此,离开了具体目的性的指引,纯粹的抽象意义上的宪法实施,在实践中,不仅不利于树立宪法本身的权威形象,相反还会严重影响宪法作为根本法自身所具有的科学性和规范性。     

A Comparison Between Digital Radiography,Computed Tomography,and Magnetic Resonance in the Detection of Gunshot Residues in Burnt Tissues and Bone

The radiological search for GSR is crucial in burnt material although it has been rarely tested. In this study, thirty‐one bovine ribs were shot at near‐contact range and burnt to calcination in an oven simulating a real combustion. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) were performed before and after carbonization and compared with former analyses with DR (digital radiography); thus comparing the assistance, the radiological methods can provide in the search for GSR in fresh and burnt bone. DR demonstrated the greatest ability in the detection of metallic residues, CT showed lower abilities, while MR showed a high sensitivity only in soft tissues. Thus, DR can be considered as the most sensitive method in the detection of GSR in charred bones, whereas CT and MR demonstrated much less reliability. Nonetheless, the MR ameliorates the analysis of gunshot wounds in other types of remains with large quantities of soft tissues.     

党的十九届四中全会决定中关于“制度”规定的语义学分析

基于语言学和语义学相结合的角度,对党的十九届四中全会决定中所规定的应当"坚持和完善"或"待建"的中国特色社会主义制度中各项制度的制度内涵、制度特性进行了深入分析,并给出了语义学分析意义上的相关统计数据。这种研究方法有助于增强学习理解领悟决定中各项规定的精神和实质内涵的能力,有助于在实践中有效地贯彻落实决定的各项要求,并为从理论上找到解读决定的有效方法提供新的富有实效的学术方案。     

The mourning process and “living with the dead”: Two case reports and a review of the literature

The discovery of mummified bodies in domestic settings is not unusual in the medico‐legal context. It is often a marker of social isolation, even in our urban modern society, and usually occurs among elderly people living alone or in precarious conditions. However, bereaved subjects can sometimes be found managing their grief by deliberately keeping the corpses of their loved ones at home. Investigation of these atypical cases can be challenging and often requires a multidisciplinary effort by different forensic specialists. We report two cases of people who lived for several months with the mummified remains of a relative. In both cases, the judge ordered a forensic psychiatry assessment of the survivors’ competency and the reasons for this peculiar behavior, which is regarded as abnormal in our society. Case 1 describes a shared psychosis, which developed out of a condition of extreme seclusion of the entire family. Case 2 shows that even a mild personality disorder on which a series of traumatic events operates can trigger psychotic decompensation, causing extreme denial of the reality of death. The analysis of these cases contributes to our knowledge of the scantly studied phenomenon of “Living with the Dead” and raises questions about the psychopathology behind it. It is useful to identify subjects who are more prone to developing this “deviant” behavior, in order to distinguish people with mental illness from those who merely want to profit from the death of a loved one.     

尚昌平和她的南疆

<正>After more than 50 visits there since her fi rst one two decades ago,Shang Changping has an abiding love of southern Xinjiang.When she travels around the oasis of Taklimakan Desert,she feels every cottage could be her second home,she says.While 20 years passed,she matured from a girl to a woman,and her love and understanding of Xinjang became more profound.She even speaks with a Xinjiang accent!     

专家辅助人出庭质证规则研究

现代科学技术的迅猛发展对司法审判产生了巨大的影响,各种科学问题、技术证据、鉴定意见呈现于法庭,法官在审判案件中由于知识和经验的局限性而难以判断,在此背景下专家辅助人制度应运而生。英美法系有专家证人制度,存在完善的以交叉询问为主的专家证人出庭质证规则,大陆法系国家和地区有诉讼辅助人制度,虽然立法中没有明确的出庭质证规则,但是有完善的鉴定人出庭质证规则。我国当前专家辅助人出庭质证规则没有明确的规定,但准用证人出庭质证规则。不过目前缺乏进一步的理论阐述,且简单直接适用也存在问题,同时缺乏系统的、具体的、具有可操作性的质证规则。对此笔者提出构建专家辅助人出庭质证规则的建议。