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111.
Fraser AM Padilla-Walker LM Coyne SM Nelson LJ Stockdale LA 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(5):636-649
Exposure to media violence, including violent video gaming, can have a cognitive desensitization effect, lowering empathic
concern for others in need. Since emerging adulthood offers increased opportunities to volunteer, strengthen relationships,
and initiate new relationships, decreases in empathic concern and prosocial behavior may prove inhibitive to optimal development
during this time. For these reasons, the current study investigated associations between violent video gaming, empathic responding,
and prosocial behavior enacted toward strangers, friends, and family members. Participants consisted of 780 emerging adults
(M age = 19.60, SD = 1.86, range = 18–29, 69% female, 69% Caucasian) from four universities in the United States. Results showed
small to moderate effects between playing violent video gaming and lowered empathic concern for both males and females. In
addition, lowered empathic concern partially mediated the pathways between violent video gaming and prosocial behavior toward
all three targets (at the level of a trend for females), but was most strongly associated with lower prosocial behavior toward
strangers. Discussion highlights how violent video gaming is associated with lower levels of prosocial behavior through the
mechanism of decreased empathic concern, how this association can affect prosocial behavior differently across target, and
finally what implications this might have for development during emerging adulthood. 相似文献
112.
Adolescents spend only a fraction of their waking hours in school and what they do with the rest of their time varies dramatically.
Despite this, research on out-of-school time has largely focused on structured programming. The authors analyzed data from
the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS:2002) to examine the out-of-school time activity portfolios of 6,338 high
school sophomores, accounting for time spent in school clubs and sports as well as 17 other activities. The analytical sample
was balanced with respect to sex and racially and ethnically diverse: 49% female, 67% White, 10% Latino, 10% African American,
and 6% Asian and Pacific Islander. Approximately 76% of the sample attended public schools, 30% were in the highest socioeconomic
quartile, and 20% were in the lowest socioeconomic quartile. The authors identified five distinct out-of-school time activity
portfolios based on a cluster analysis. The demographic profiles of students by portfolio type differed significantly with
respect to sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, school type and location. Students by portfolio type also differed significantly
in terms of measures of academic success, school behavior, victimization and perceptions of school climate, controlling for
covariates. These findings underscore the importance of more complex considerations of adolescents’ out-of-school time.
相似文献
Ingrid Ann NelsonEmail: |
113.
We use Rawls’s account of public reason and the Law of Peoples to test two hypotheses: democracies are more likely to invoke self-defense in justifications than non-democracies, and democracies are more likely to invoke human rights in justifications than non-democracies. Through an analysis of war justifications since 1875, we find that although democracies and non-democracies are similarly likely to use self-defense as a justification, democracies are more likely to justify war through human rights. Institutions and values centering on rights that promote domestic public justification also promote justifications compatible with those values and institutions at the international level. 相似文献
114.
115.
Richard R. Nelson 《Journal of policy analysis and management》1987,6(4):541-566
This essay argues that market failure analysis provides an unsubstantial basis for assessing the kinds of things governments should be doing if they could do them well, and modern public choice theory an inadequate guide to obstacles to effective governmental action. The argument is supported by analysis of political rhetoric and actual policy in two arenas: support of R&D, and help for poor children. 相似文献
116.
Dick M. Carpenter II 《Regulation & Governance》2008,2(3):340-359
This case study examines a form of occupational regulation infrequently examined in academic literature – titling laws. These laws regulate who may legally use a phrase, or title, to describe their work to the public. Focusing on the interior design industry, this article demonstrates how industry leaders use titling laws as the first step in a push for full occupational licensure. In so doing, they allege a need for regulation out of concern for public health and safety, but as data in this case study indicate, there appears to be no threat to public health and safety from unregulated interior designers. Instead, designers advocate for increased regulation of their own industry, through the evolution of titling laws to full licensure, due to the benefits it affords them. 相似文献
117.
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119.
M S Nelson 《Journal of forensic sciences》1981,26(1):75-81
A family possessing the rare PGM1(3) allele has been found in North Carolina, and criteria for the electrophoretic separation and accurate typing of the PGM1(3) isozymes are outlined. The PGM1(3) isozymes detected proved to be useful in helping to determine parentage in an incest investigation. The pattern of segregation of the PGM1(3) allele in four generations of this family and thermostability studies on the PGM1(3) isozymes are presented. 相似文献
120.
In the last issue of the Review, we reported about an HIV-positive health-care worker in the UK who brought legal proceedings to prevent the National Health Service from notifying his previous patients that he is infected. In February 2002, the Court of Appeal for England and Wales (Civil Division) upheld a ban on publishing his name and that of the health authority for which he worked. 相似文献