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51.
Travis Nelson 《冲突、安全与发展》2010,10(3):379-402
This is a study of the increasingly common phenomenon of developing states refusing some or all international aid following serious natural disaster. Aid refusal by the Myanmar junta following a 2008 cyclone is only the most recent prominent example of this practice, and I present here an original dataset of all cases of disaster aid refusal occurring between 1982 and 2006. Through quantitative analysis, I show that although poorer states are indeed less likely to refuse aid than wealthier states, recipient need does not alone drive the decision-making process. Nor are autocratic regimes any more or less likely to refuse aid than democratic regimes. Rather, just as recently transitioned states have been shown by other scholars to be particularly likely to engage in military conflict, I find that they are also particularly likely to publicly and explicitly refuse aid and insist on their own ability to handle disaster relief and recovery. Aid refusal, much like aid provision, is at its core a political act. 相似文献
52.
53.
Larry J. Nelson Laura M. Padilla-Walker Katherine J. Christensen Cortney A. Evans Jason S. Carroll 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(6):730-743
The changing nature of the transition to adulthood in western societies, such as the United States, may be extending the length
of time parents are engaged in “parenting” activities. However, little is known about different approaches parents take in
their interactions with their emerging-adult children. Hence, this study attempted to identify different clusters of parents
based on the extent to which they exhibited both extremes of control (psychological control, punishment, verbal hostility,
indulgence) and responsiveness (knowledge, warmth, induction, autonomy granting), and to examine how combinations of parenting
were related to emerging adult children’s relational and individual outcomes (e.g. parent–child relationship quality, drinking,
self-worth, depression). The data were collected from 403 emerging adults (M age = 19.89, SD = 1.78, range = 18–26, 62% female) and at least one of their parents (287 fathers and 317 mothers). Eighty-four
percent of participants reported being European American, 6% Asian American, 4% African American, 3% Latino, and 4% reported
being of other ethnicities. Data were analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis, separately for mothers and fathers, and
identified three similar clusters of parents which we labeled as uninvolved (low on all aspects of parenting), controlling-indulgent (high on both extremes of control and low on all aspects of responsiveness), and authoritative (high on responsiveness and low on control). A fourth cluster was identified for both mothers and fathers and was labeled
as inconsistent for mothers (mothers were above the mean on both extremes of control and on responsiveness) and average for fathers (fathers were at the mean on all eight aspects of parenting). The discussion focuses on how each of these clusters
effectively distinguished between child outcomes. 相似文献
54.
Schilthuizen M Scholte C van Wijk RE Dommershuijzen J van der Horst D Zu Schlochtern MM Lievers R Groenenberg DS 《Forensic science international》2011,207(1-3):91-95
Although many cases of fatal hydrogen sulfide poisoning have been reported, in most of these cases, it resulted from the accidental inhalation of hydrogen sulfide gas. In recent years, we experienced 17 autopsy cases of fatal hydrogen sulfide poisoning due to the inhalation of intentionally generated hydrogen sulfide gas. In this study, the concentrations of sulfide and thiosulfate in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and pleural effusion were examined using GC/MS. The sulfide concentrations were blood: 0.11-31.84, urine: 0.01-1.28, cerebrospinal fluid: 0.02-1.59 and pleural effusion: 2.00-8.59 (μg/ml), while the thiosulfate concentrations were blood: 0-0.648, urine: 0-2.669, cerebrospinal fluid: 0.004-0.314 and pleural effusion: 0.019-0.140 (μmol/ml). In previous reports, the blood concentration of thiosulfate was said to be higher than that of sulfide in hydrogen sulfide poisoning cases, although the latter was higher than the former in 8 of the 14 cases examined in this study. These results are believed to be strongly influenced by the atmospheric concentration of hydrogen sulfide the victims were exposed to and the time interval between exposure and death. 相似文献
55.
This paper explores the characteristics of local drugs markets through the examination of a single London borough case study.
The picture that emerges in a borough not known for having a ‘drugs problem’ is of an entrenched, thriving and widespread
drugs economy. Crucially, it is embedded within the local communities. Most worryingly, crack cocaine is being dealt in 15
out of 16 wards, with the front-line dealing predominantly carried out by youths as young as 15. Indeed, there are signs that
the market has reached saturation point, while law enforcement merely scratches the surface. These findings reinforce the
view that studies of organised crime must be sensitive to the local impacts of global markets, and that public policy debates
about the responses to illegal drugs markets must be renewed and refreshed. 相似文献
56.
A 4-year decline culminating in a collapse of school leaver exam results sent shockwaves through the Tanzanian state education system. Students and citizens attribute the collapse to visible deficiencies in classroom teaching, which is the product of a complex, government-administered system of teacher training colleges, schools, schools inspectorate, an examinations council, and a curriculum development institution. A model of the system is constructed and ‘interrogated’ to establish a research framework of key questions and propositions for functional analysis and evaluation of the system. 相似文献
57.
58.
John S. Nelson 《政治交往》2013,30(3):381-386
Studies of cognition show that Americans get much of their political information from audiovisual media. Therefore, attention to popular films can help us learn how genre conventions communicate politics. The popular genre of horror uses subtexts to help people face political evils in their everyday lives. Many of the evils lately concern the politics of communication, and this is evident in a wide range of horror films, recently including Phone Booth (2003), The Ring (2002), and The Mothman Prophecies (2001). 相似文献
59.
Miranda Ritchie Katherine Nelson Russell Wills Lisa Jones 《Journal of family violence》2013,28(5):471-477
This study aimed to determine whether training and documentation led to improved assessment of female victims of assault due to domestic violence presenting to an emergency department. Eighty clinical records were audited using a valid and reliable audit tool over four time periods for variables including history, risk assessment, and examination. Documentation differed across the four groups (p?=?0.011). Between group analysis found there was a difference (p?=?0.055) between Groups 1 (before training) and 2 (after training), and Group 3 (with a specialist form in place), and there was a difference (p?=?0.009) between Groups 1 and 4 (8 years later). Training alone did not lead to change. Introducing specialist documentation with training was associated with an improvement in the standard of clinical assessment of female victims of assault due to domestic violence and this change increased over time. 相似文献
60.
This article investigates local government responses to fiscal stress through the lens of the K–12 public education sector, examining two major policy options available to school districts for managing fiscal hardship: (1) cutting costs, especially through layoffs, and (2) raising revenues locally through voter referenda. The article employs district‐level administrative and survey data from California and Indiana to examine whether school districts exhibit features of a rational or natural system—in which their behaviors largely reflect fiscal pressures only—or whether they exhibit features of an open system in which nonfinancial factors also shape responses. In Indiana, district fiscal characteristics explain differences in cost‐cutting and revenue‐raising behaviors; there is little empirical evidence that school districts exhibit features of an open system. In California, both fiscal and environmental attributes, including poverty characteristics, average student achievement levels, and the enrollment of English learner students, explain school district behaviors. 相似文献