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The utility of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) forstrategic crime analysis has yet to be explored. The NIBRS represents anadvancement over existing reporting systems and possesses considerableutility to frontline law enforcement with respect to strategic crimeanalysis. This paper discusses the utility of the NIBRS for identifyinglocal and regional trends in narcotics related offenses. As an example, weselected four localities from the 1997 Virginia NIBRS data to examine trendsin the sale/distribution and possession of narcotics. Our analysis showsthat the NIBRS provides significantly more incident-related detail than hasheretofore been available for strategic crime analysis at the regional orstate level. Moreover, the NIBRS provides neighboring communities theopportunity to compare information on emerging crime patterns and criminalenterprises which extend beyond local boundaries. Finally, enhancing localreporting compliance by highlighting the strategic utility of the data tolocal law enforcement will ultimately ensure the quality of the data set,which can then be employed by larger entities as well as criminal justiceresearchers for policy development and planning. 相似文献
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Mark Handler Charles R. Honts Donald J. Krapohl Raymond Nelson Stephen Griffin 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2009,24(2):69-86
The authors provide a polygraph primer for police psychologists involved in law enforcement personnel selection. Law-enforcement
pre-employment polygraph examinations are a decision-support tool intended to add incremental validity to the personnel selection
process. Problems stemming from the use of the polygraph may be related to misunderstanding of the polygraph test and to field
practices surrounding the use of polygraphy in the police selection process. Potential problems can result from ineffective
selection of test issues, poorly constructed test questions and misguided policies surrounding the use of the polygraph. The
authors review the history of polygraph screening, research, and field practices, and suggest that using polygraph results
alone to disqualify a candidate from employment is a misguided field practice. Suggestions are offered for maximizing the
decision-support value of the polygraph. Polygraph examination targets are discussed, with emphasis on selecting actuarially
derived predictors associated with increased success in law enforcement training and job performance. The authors provide
recommendations for field practice, and propose that police psychologists may be most suited to effectively integrate the
polygraph results and information into the hiring recommendation process. 相似文献
718.
As part of a larger investigation of the changing nature of juror behavior in the context of technology development, this study examined important questions unanswered by previous studies on the “CSI-effect.” In answering such questions, the present study applied multivariate and path analyses for the first time. The results showed that (a) watching CSI dramas had no independent effect on jurors' verdicts, (b) the exposure to CSI dramas did not interact with individual characteristics, (c) different individual characteristics were significantly associated with different types of evidence, and (d) CSI watching had no direct effect on jurors' decisions, and it had an indirect effect on conviction in the case of circumstantial evidence only as it raised expectations about scientific evidence, but it produced no indirect effect in the case of eyewitness testimony only. Finally, implications of the present study as well as for future research on the “CSI-effect” on jurors are discussed. 相似文献
719.
M. Scott Donald 《The Modern law review》2019,82(5):800-832
The law of trusts plays an integral and multi‐faceted role in the regulatory scheme shaping the occupational pensions arena in Australia and the United Kingdom. It facilitates the operation of private law modalities, such as innovation and competition. However, that openness also renders members’ interests vulnerable and the lack of transparency and emaciated accountability mechanisms within trust law undermine the powerful normative force exerted by the language in which trust doctrine is so often couched. That said, the regulatory regimes buttress, and rely upon, the protections offered by trust law. The result is a compelling illustration of the nuanced way in which private law is employed in a modern regulatory state. 相似文献
720.
Our question is this: What makes an act one of entrapment? We make a standard distinction between legal entrapment, which is carried out by parties acting in their capacities as (or as deputies of) law-enforcement agents, and civil entrapment, which is not. We aim to provide a definition of entrapment that covers both and which, for reasons we explain, does not settle questions of permissibility and culpability. We explain, compare, and contrast two existing definitions of legal entrapment to commit a crime that possess this neutrality. We point out some problems with the extensional correctness of these definitions and propose a new definition that resolves these problems. We then extend our definition to provide a more general definition of entrapment, encompassing both civil and legal cases. Our definition is, we believe, closer to being extensionally correct and will, we hope, provide a clearer basis for future discussions about the ethics of entrapment than do the definitions upon which it improves. 相似文献