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211.
László Csaba 《欧亚研究》2000,52(5):805-827
212.
213.
The European Union (EU) constitutes an evolving diplomatic milieu characterized by high levels of interconnectedness among the politico-administrative apparatuses of member states. The article assesses whether the continued presence of member state bilateral embassies in the EU is residual and largely emptied of function, or whether they are adapting their role to new requirements in the EU policy environment. An analytical framework is developed conceptualizing diplomatic representation around three variables—function, access and presence—and two scenarios of change dynamics in the structures of bilateral diplomacy in the EU are proposed. These are then utilized to evaluate empirical evidence gathered in embassies of six member states in London and Vienna. The findings reveal a process of gradual ‘re-gearing’ of embassy functions towards EU matters, shifting patterns of communication and access, and ‘domestication’ of diplomatic presence in terms of personnel and agenda. Overall, this amounts to a shift towards EU-oriented bilateralism. 相似文献
214.
As the Chilean government seeks to reduce poverty and inequality through cash transfers to poor households, local governments are responsible for both identifying the poor and allocating transfers. Until recently, however, evaluating the effectiveness of local governments in enacting these policies has been restricted by data limitations. This paper builds on recent evidence that cash transfers have highly variable impacts on poverty and inequality at the county level. In particular, we explore how local public finance and the strength of the governing mandate influence the efficiency of cash transfers. With a richly specified model, we find that public spending on goods and services, the fraction of available subsidies claimed by the local government, and the share of county land that is zoned for industrial purposes are all correlated with considerable reductions in poverty and inequality. In addition, the strength of the governing mandate weakly influences the efficiency of transfers in reducing poverty, but not inequality. These results demonstrate that a better understanding of such institutions can lead to more efficient targeting for social programs. 相似文献
215.
Andrea Fernández‐Ribas 《政策研究评论》2010,27(4):457-473
The aim of this article is to investigate to what extent small‐firm foreign patents differ from those of their larger counterparts. The research setting consists of the population of U.S.‐owned small and large businesses with patent applications at the World International Patent Organization during 1996–2006 in the emerging field of nanotechnology. Findings reveal a significant and growing contribution of small firms to the globalization of patents. The analysis also suggests that small‐firm patents tend to be more novel and embedded in domestic innovation networks than large‐firm patents. Policy implications are multiple, including putting international patenting on the policy agenda and helping highly innovative small companies to explore foreign commercial opportunities in new markets of capital and technology. 相似文献
216.
北京市房山区市政市容委政工科 《城市管理与科技》2010,12(4):68-68
北京市垃圾分类、垃圾减量工作启动以来,房山区委、区政府高度重视,建立了"政府主导--专业管理--属地负责--社区(村庄)发动--居民参与"的垃圾分类模式,在全市率先提出建立垃圾分类指导员队伍,先行成功后得到全面推广.为了进一步提高垃圾减量,垃圾无害化工作水平,探索更加有效、科学的垃圾分类处理模式,房山区把厨余垃圾的生化处理作为突破口,投资350万元,引进厨余垃圾微生物处理机,在分类试点地区附近投资建设了良乡餐厨垃圾处理站. 相似文献
217.
Simeon Schächtele Huáscar Eguino Soraya Roman 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2023,42(3):796-814
Behavioral interventions appealing to taxpayers’ reciprocity often leave tax compliance unaffected. We provide evidence that a “fiscal exchange nudge” increased tax compliance in a setting where one might not expect it: crisis-ridden Argentina. In a randomized controlled trial with over 20,000 taxpayers, a tax bill visually celebrating realized public works benefiting children increased payment rates of tax delinquents by about 20 percent, or almost 40 percent when the bills were delivered in person. Without the appeal, the new bill design generated significantly fewer payments. Changes in the design of the tax bill also increased arrears cancellation. We estimate the ratio of marginal revenues to costs for the fiscal exchange bill to be 18. The factors we associate with the unexpectedly positive impacts are consistent with strengthening an affective response. We find persistent effects of the experiment two years later. The results suggest that communities have more scope to increase tax revenues through non-threatening interventions. 相似文献
218.
Access to Power Versus Exercise of Power Reconceptualizing the Quality of Democracy in Latin America
Research on comparative democratization has recently expanded its focus to issues of institutional quality: clientelism, corruption,
abuse of executive decree authority, and weak checks and balances. However, problems of institutional quality are so different
from those involved in regime transitions that it is unproductive to treat them as part of the same macro-process, democratization.
Whereas regime transitions are changes in the form of access to power, problems of institutional quality involve the exercise of power. Abuses in the exercise of power affecting institutional quality are best characterized not as indicators of authoritarianism
and deficiencies in democratization but as reflecting—in Weberian terms—patrimonialism and failures in bureaucratization.
Moreover, struggles over the exercise of power involve causes, mechanisms, and actors that can be quite distinct from those
at play in conflicts over access to power. The proposed analytical framework centered on the distinction between access and
exercise enhances conceptual clarity and provides a stronger theoretical basis for tackling fundamental questions about politics
in Latin America, including the failure of democratization to curb clientelism and foster other improvements of institutional
quality, and the prospects of democratic stability under patrimonial administrations. 相似文献
219.
The goal of this paper is to analyze the impact the EU has had on Czech women’s groups since the 1990s. Drawing on both Europeanization and social movement theories, the first section defines the theoretical framework of the paper. The second section is focused on the impact of changes in the funding of women’s groups which, since the end of the 1990s, have relied more than before on European funding. The third section analyzes the shift in the political context and the domestic political opportunity structure in the Czech Republic that has occurred in connection with the accession process. The fourth section analyzes transnational cooperation for which new opportunities have appeared with the EU’s eastward expansion. The paper concludes by summarizing its main findings. 相似文献
220.
俄罗斯战略评估课题组 《现代国际关系》2010,(3)
2009年俄罗斯经济未能摆脱危机困境,梅普组合主动调整发展战略,确立了经济社会全面现代化改造的新目标;并加大社会保障力度,力求把危机对民众生活的影响降至最低。经济危机未改变俄追求强国的梦想,俄借国际格局和大国关系调整之机,重新审视国际环境,强调外交主动性、务实性以及外交为经济服务,谋求在新格局中取得世界大国地位。 相似文献