论东亚经济共同体的形成基础及其发展趋势

近20年来,随着区域经济一体化的进展,东亚各经济体的贸易和投资关系日益密切。就贸易依存度而言,东亚已接近一体化程度最高的欧盟,堪称超越政治制度差异而组成的自然经济区域的典范。东亚区域大部分与东亚汉文化圈重叠,各国有相近的文化和价值观。相比欧盟地区,东亚地区历史上长期和睦相处,在东亚商贸圈内互通有无。因此,东亚各国的经济合作有着坚实的历史、人文和地理基础。随着经济一体化程度的加深,有利于促进一体化的政府间制度性安排也必将应运而生。当今各方政治领导人的主观意向,只能某种程度延缓或加速这种趋势。     

The experience of the Forensic Anthropology Service of the Medical Examiner's Office in Porto Alegre, Brazil

The Forensic Anthropology Service of the Medical Examiner's Office of Porto Alegre was created in September 1997 to examine human skeletons, establish identification and identify lesions that may explain death. From September 1997 to December 2006, 344 skeletons were examined (mean: 37 examinations/year), and 322 were human remains. Most skeletal remains belonged to men (61%) whose age was estimated at 21-50 years (61%). The most frequent bone lesions were caused by fractures (71%), firearm projectiles (11%) and the effects of weather (10%). Antemortem bone changes due to consolidated fractures, degenerative bone processes, congenital bone diseases, and medical procedures were found in 38 skeletal remains (14%). Identification was possible in 83 cases (26%); of these, 78% were identified by DNA analysis, 16% by dental examination, and 6% by anatomic changes associated with healed fractures.     

Characterization of lesions in hanging deaths

Hanging is a common method of committing suicide and a routine task in medico-legal autopsies. The hanging mark is the most relevant external sign and its characteristics are well known, but, for unknown reasons, there are major differences in reports on internal findings. We retrospectively studied 228 consecutive cases of hanging deaths. A complete standard autopsy was performed for every case. We investigated the association between the characteristics of the hanging mark and the frequency of bone, cartilage, soft tissue, and vascular injuries with the mode of suspension. Most cases (75.3%) presented some kind of bone or cartilage fracture, but these were unrelated to any of the variables studied. Vascular lesions are clearly more infrequent: intimal injuries were found in the carotid artery (9.1%), the jugular vein (2.2%), and ruptures of the carotid adventitial layer (21.7%). These could be partially associated with the use of a hard fixed noose and body weight.     

Y-chromosome STR haplotypes in three different population groups from Ecuador (South America)

POPULATIONS: Over 102 unrelated Mestizos, 102 Native Amerindian (Kichwas), and 102 African Americans who represent the three largest communities of the country Ecuador (South America).     

割裂下的融合:中国宪法与刑事诉讼法关系解读

当下中国的宪法超脱于刑事诉讼法之上,刑事诉讼法游离于宪法之外,两者之间呈现一种割裂的态势。然而,在割裂的大背景下,"宪政—富强"成为统摄宪法与刑事诉讼法的价值理念,为中心工作服务成为宪法与刑事诉讼法融合的连接点,以为中心工作服务为取向的中国式司法能动主义成为宪法与刑事诉讼法融合的关键因素,二者在这样一个背景下实现了"割裂下的融合"。     

关于我国物业税立法的基本构想

国家税务总局在制定"十一五"计划时提出我国将积极稳妥地深化税制改革,其中包括实施城镇建设税费改革,稳步推行物业税,并相应取消相关收费。因此,适时开征物业税,已经成为我国新一轮房地产税制改革的重要内容,也成为我国财税法领域一个重要研究课题。本文通过对市场经济发达国家和地区物业税立法的比较研究,着重就我国物业税立法的必要性展开较为深入的讨论,进而提出了我国物业税立法的基本构想,希冀为推动我国正在进行中的物业税立法提供一见之得。     

“人权的终结”六论

作为意识形态的人权成功波及全球,而作为实践的人权却面临着巨大灾难和困境,这形成了鲜明的悖论。尽管权利是自由主义的卓越产物,但自由主义政治哲学和法律哲学却未能充分理解权利的运作。因此,本文提出一种新的人权谱系和人权哲学对自由主义人权理论予以替代。作者主要从人权与自然法的革命性特征,人权与主权的内在联系,人权普世主义与文化相对主义的相互依赖,以及人权在追求人的解放和自我实现过程中对主体的分裂和重构等方面展开论述。     

证据科学的走向:国际视野与中国语境——对证据问题研究领域的初步分析

我国证据科学的出现既是英美证据法学知识传统发展演变的结果,也是回应国内司法证明领域转型的一个重要发展。证据科学的本质是司法证明领域诸多学科之间在应对新的时代问题所作出的一系列变动和整合,而变动和整合的方向则取决于社会需求和司法证明领域多学科之间的竞争。我国司法证明领域的转型所提出的一系列问题为司法证明领域诸多学科的互动提供了最基本的动力。中国证据科学应该以这些问题为核心,在解决问题的过程中形成中国证据科学的基本格局。     

Particle Analysis for the Detection of Gunshot Residue (GSR) in Nasal Samples Using Scanning Laser Ablation and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (SLA-ICPMS)

Currently, aluminum stub with carbon adhesive devices are used to collect inorganic gunshot residues (GSR) from the hands of a shooter. In an ideal shooting case, the gunshot particles do not persist for more than 2 h in the hands of the shooter, provided that the hands have not been washed. However, for forensic analysis and inference, the extended persistence of GSR would be desirable. This study investigates a novel GSR sampling and detection protocol. Sampling was performed in the nostrils using swab devices impregnated in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The GSRs persisted for longer periods in nasal mucus than on the hands, and particles were detected 6 h after shooting occurred. The analytical determination was conducted by scanning laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SLA-ICPMS) which enable the identification of the number of particles and their elemental composition. Seventeen isotope signals corresponding to ¹³C, ²⁰⁵Tl and 15 analytes that are usually associated with the composition of GSR residues were monitored: ²⁷Al, ²⁹Si, ³¹P, ³³S, ³⁵Cl, ³⁹K, ⁴⁴Ca, ⁵⁷Fe, ⁶⁰Ni, ⁶³Cu, ⁶⁶Zn, ¹¹⁸Sn, ¹²¹Sb, ¹³⁷Ba, and ²⁰⁸Pb. The SLA technique enabled the reduction of the swab analysis time to 40 min. The effectiveness of this methodology was evaluated with two types of firearms: a pistol and a shotgun. The results indicated that the methodology proposed for the analysis of the nasal GSR was effective and that it can improve or complement the forensic analyses and inferences presented in a court.     

‘Getting out of the closet’: scientific authorship of literary fiction and knowledge transfer

The Journal of Technology Transfer - Some scientists write literary fiction books in their spare time. If these books contain scientific knowledge, literary fiction becomes a mechanism of knowledge...