Das kulturelle Erbe

Zusammenfassung  Das, was von einer Gesellschaft bleibt, ist ihr kulturelles Erbe. Somit geht es um all das, was in den internationalen und europ?ischen Vorgaben einschlie?lich der Richtlinien der EWG/EU als kulturelles Erbe berücksichtigt ist. Es setzt sich aus einer Reihe von Ressourcen zusammen, die aus der Vergangenheit ererbt wurden und welche die Menschen unabh?ngig von der Eigentumsordnung als eine Widerspiegelung und einen Ausdruck ihrer best?ndig sich weiter entwickelnden Werte, überzeugungen, ihres Wissens und ihrer Traditionen identifizieren. Es umfasst alle Aspekte der Umwelt, die aus der Interaktion zwischen Menschen und Orten im Laufe der Zeit hervor gehen. Dazu geh?ren auch die Kulturlandschaften als Archiv der Natur- und Kulturgeschichte. Deshalb sollte im künftigen Umweltgesetzbuch (§ 4 Nr. 1 UGB-Entwurf) statt des einschr?nkenden Begriffs Kulturgüter das kulturelle Erbe ausdrücklich als Umweltgut genannt werden.     

Breaking point? An analysis of fatal stab wounds to the torso in Ireland between 2011 and 2018, examining the extent of rib fractures

This study examines the pattern of rib injuries occurring in cases of fatal torso stab wounds in Ireland between 2011 and 2018. It has been suggested by previous studies that rib fractures are not commonly sustained in stab wounds to the torso. We wanted to ascertain whether this was the case, as our data suggested that rib fractures were frequent, and where a rib is fractured there is a higher chance of organ injury and death, making this an important area of study. One hundred and forty seven cases of fatal stab wounds from an eight-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Fatal stab wounds to other body areas, were excluded; leaving a total of 104 cases with stab wounds to the torso. We found that 69.2% of cases had rib injuries, a figure significantly higher than previously reported. Our data suggests that stab wounds to the torso often fracture ribs, putting the underlying organs at increased risk of injury and perhaps contributing to fatality. The amount of force needed to cause a rib fracture can be difficult to quantify and indeed from the high percentage of rib fractures sustained in our data it appears that the ribs may be fractured regardless of the amount of force used; this is borne out by the finding that self-inflicted injuries also caused rib fractures. Our study shows that other factors, such as anatomical positioning and wound depth may have a greater bearing than force in terms of whether a rib fracture is sustained.