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781.
782.
783.
Maria Brouwer 《European Journal of Law and Economics》2006,22(1):5-20
European countries have amended their bankruptcy statutes in the past decades to increase the likelihood of a company’s continuation
in bankruptcy. Liquidation procedures are ill suited to realize the full value of the company as a going concern. An infusion
of new finance raises company valuation and makes continuation through reorganization more likely. Reorganization preserves
value, if general creditors as the main beneficiaries of reorganization play a crucial role in reorganization proceedings.
Legal origins of national bankruptcy legislations are less important in explaining the incidence of reorganization than national
attitudes towards failure and the prevalence of equity over debt finance.
JEL Classification K12 相似文献
784.
785.
Luísa Pereira Maria Joo Prata Antnio Amorim 《Forensic Science International Supplement Series》2002,130(2-3):147-155
We suggest the use of the mismatch distribution methodology as an easy way to estimate the distance between all pairs of haplotypes present in a sample. This approach allows the evaluation of the proportion of pairs of Y-STR haplotypes that are prone to become identical by state (IBS), in one generation, by recurrent mutation, a statistic of major importance in the forensic field. The mismatch approach presents some advantages alternatively to the empirical one, since it is not necessary to have simultaneous information on STRs and SNPs, and it allows the evaluation of IBS also within-haplogroups. The estimation of IBS at an European scale showed that there is a high population substructuring for this parameter, increasing from southern-central European countries towards west and north, in accordance to what was found for Y-biallelic markers. This result seems to imply a more careful use of large databases for matching evaluation, even in the absence of population structure for general Y-STR diversity. Furthermore, mismatch distribution can be used to measure the distance between a particular haplotype and all the haplotypes in a sample. When applied to the most frequent haplotypes in Europe it revealed that the opportunity for IBS is not directly related to the frequency of a haplotype, but highly dependent on the proportion of neighbouring haplotypes—so, that reporting on the haplotype frequency for evaluating the significance of a match can be misleading. 相似文献
786.
Es ergibt sich aus § 39 Abs 1 MRG, dass die Anrufung der Schlichtungsstelle eine zwingende Prozessvoraussetzung für das gerichtliche
Verfahren ist, weshalb der Antrag, der bei der Schlichtungsstelle noch beliebig ver?ndert werden kann, bei Gericht keiner
?nderung mehr zugeführt werden kann. Nur der bei der Schlichtungsstelle gestellte Antrag kann ohne Begründung einer Nichtigkeit
zum Gegenstand des gerichtlichen Verfahrens gemacht werden. 相似文献
787.
We evaluate the impact of political forces in the allocation of intergovernmental grants in Portugal, as it matured from a young to an established democracy. Using a large and unexplored dataset we show that political variables condition the granting system, and that their importance changed over time. While tactical manipulation in the distribution of grants among municipalities seems to exist only in the early years of democracy, opportunistic effects are stronger in the latter years. We argue that the latter effect is due to a change in the political environment and to the electorate’s lack of information on intergovernmental grants. 相似文献
788.
Maria Spirova 《欧亚研究》2008,60(5):791-808
This article examines the direct impact of Europarties on domestic party development, taking the case of Bulgaria when it was a European Union (EU) candidate country. It combines arguments from party theory and the Europeanisation literature and focuses on the overlap of these two fields of study and it investigates the direct impact of Europarties on the choice of electoral strategies made by political parties in candidate states. The study begins by proposing an analytical model that explains the electoral behaviour of political parties based on traditional propositions in comparative party studies. Then it proposes to view international impact as an additional constraint on that behaviour. The main argument is that, in certain situations, Europarties have intervened in domestic party politics and have played a role in the decision of parties to choose certain electoral strategies. It is suggested therefore, that viewing party electoral behaviour purely from the perspective of domestic politics would not only be misleading, but would also lead us to expect behaviour that might not have been a possible alternative for the parties at a given point in time. 相似文献
789.
Maria Ivanova David Gordon Jennifer Roy 《Review of European Community & International Environmental Law》2007,16(2):123-134
This article analyses the potentially symbiotic role of business and the United Nations (UN) in global environmental governance. Contending that a stronger and more coherent UN in the realm of the environment is in the interest of the business community, we focus on three main issues: what the UN needs to become stronger in environmental affairs; what business could provide on this behalf; and how business could benefit from a strengthened UN. We consider the current structural dilemmas of the UN environmental system, including concerns about institutional multiplicity and how these may affect business engagement. After reflecting on perceived and actual challenges and opportunities for business participation, we conclude with three substantive solutions towards more efficient collaboration. These solutions centre on the continuation of an interactive database begun by the Global Environmental Governance Project, a joint initiative of the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy and the College of William and Mary. 相似文献
790.
Jon S. Vernick J.D. M.P.H. Daniel W. Webster Sc.D. M.P.H. Maria T. Bulzacchelli Julie Samia Mair J.D. M.P.H. 《The Journal of law, medicine & ethics》2006,34(4):765-775
Firearms were associated with 30, 136 deaths in the United States in 2003. Most guns are initially sold to the public through a network of retail dealers. Licensed firearm dealers are an important source of guns for criminals and gun traffickers. Just one percent of licensed dealers were responsible for more than half of all guns traced to crime. Federal law makes it difficult for ATF to inspect and revoke the licenses of problem gun dealers. State licensing systems, however, are a greatly under-explored opportunity for firearm dealer oversight. We identify and categorize these state systems to identify opportunities for interventions to prevent problem dealers from supplying guns to criminals, juveniles, or gun traffickers. Just seventeen states license gun dealers. Twenty-three states permit routine inspections of dealers but only two mandate that those inspections occur on a regular basis. Twenty-six states impose record-keeping requirements for gun sales. Only thirteen states require some form of store security measures to minimize firearm theft. We conclude with recommendations for a comprehensive system of state licensing and oversight of gun dealers. Our findings can be useful for the coalition of more than fifty U.S. mayors that recently announced it would work together to combat illegal gun trafficking. 相似文献