全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2822篇 |
免费 | 82篇 |
专业分类
各国政治 | 177篇 |
工人农民 | 98篇 |
世界政治 | 244篇 |
外交国际关系 | 184篇 |
法律 | 1220篇 |
中国政治 | 39篇 |
政治理论 | 892篇 |
综合类 | 50篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 15篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 38篇 |
2019年 | 70篇 |
2018年 | 85篇 |
2017年 | 97篇 |
2016年 | 91篇 |
2015年 | 76篇 |
2014年 | 108篇 |
2013年 | 397篇 |
2012年 | 103篇 |
2011年 | 78篇 |
2010年 | 80篇 |
2009年 | 86篇 |
2008年 | 86篇 |
2007年 | 104篇 |
2006年 | 92篇 |
2005年 | 80篇 |
2004年 | 87篇 |
2003年 | 86篇 |
2002年 | 80篇 |
2001年 | 53篇 |
2000年 | 51篇 |
1999年 | 47篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 37篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 44篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 32篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 38篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 28篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 36篇 |
1983年 | 32篇 |
1982年 | 33篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 24篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 16篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 17篇 |
排序方式: 共有2904条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
871.
This paper contributes to the research strand within empirical democratic theory dedicated to operationalizing representation and measuring levels of responsiveness. It discusses the merits and limits of the criterion of responsiveness for assessing the functioning of representative institutions. It builds on comparative findings about the susceptibility of party hierarchies to capture by relatively privileged segments of society, and on comparative findings about the consequences of policy packaging. It posits these as two crucial mechanisms that help account for the propensity of the democratic arena to become a relatively autonomous, privileged site for the construction of ideological hegemony. Furthermore, it presents original data from an elite survey of members of regional parliaments in Spain to illuminate the role of representative institutions and parties in recent efforts to forge and consolidate a particular type of ideological hegemony—micro-nationalist hegemony—in Catalonia and the Basque Country. It contrasts and explains the political dynamics operative in the two regions, emphasizing the divergent trajectories of left-wing party construction. In so doing, it contributes to the literature on nationalism as well, by honing in on the neglected arena of democratic politics as a critical site where the struggle for the success of nationalist hegemonic projects takes place. 相似文献
872.
E. Thomas Ewing 《Women's history review》2013,22(3):451-477
This article explores how Soviet political identities were shaped by maternal concerns and how mothers’ practices were shaped by the professional obligations of teaching in the Stalinist 1930s. Exploring an occupation that became more female as it became more modern, a professional identity that denied or constrained female sexuality, a calling devoted to children that left little time for motherhood, and a social role that assigned the task of socialization to women who did not enjoy full civic rights, this study examines the ways that Stalinist mother teachers assumed a distinct identity through their practices at school and in the family. Identifying specific moments where these questions became public focuses attention on maternity and modernity in ways that illustrate how fully Stalinist repression penetrated into society and how the Soviet people perceived, accepted, challenged, or otherwise mediated the contradictory nature of these political forces. 相似文献
873.
THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF THE REGRESSION DISCONTINUITY DESIGN: A META‐ANALYSIS OF 15 WITHIN‐STUDY COMPARISONS 下载免费PDF全文
Duncan D. Chaplin Thomas D. Cook Jelena Zurovac Jared S. Coopersmith Mariel M. Finucane Lauren N. Vollmer Rebecca E. Morris 《Journal of policy analysis and management》2018,37(2):403-429
Theory predicts that regression discontinuity (RD) provides valid causal inference at the cutoff score that determines treatment assignment. One purpose of this paper is to test RD's internal validity across 15 studies. Each of them assesses the correspondence between causal estimates from an RD study and a randomized control trial (RCT) when the estimates are made at the same cutoff point where they should not differ asymptotically. However, statistical error, imperfect design implementation, and a plethora of different possible analysis options, mean that they might nonetheless differ. We test whether they do, assuming that the bias potential is greater with RDs than RCTs. A second purpose of this paper is to investigate the external validity of RD by exploring how the size of the bias estimates varies across the 15 studies, for they differ in their settings, interventions, analyses, and implementation details. Both Bayesian and frequentist meta‐analysis methods show that the RD bias is below 0.01 standard deviations on average, indicating RD's high internal validity. When the study‐specific estimates are shrunken to capitalize on the information the other studies provide, all the RD causal estimates fall within 0.07 standard deviations of their RCT counterparts, now indicating high external validity. With unshrunken estimates, the mean RD bias is still essentially zero, but the distribution of RD bias estimates is less tight, especially with smaller samples and when parametric RD analyses are used. 相似文献
874.
875.
This introduction connects some of the main themes covered in this special issue on Chancellor Merkel's second coalition cabinet, which was formed in October 2009 and ended with the electoral collapse of the FDP in the Bundestag election of September 2013. It starts by setting out an interesting ‘puzzle’: the parties forming the coalition of 2009–2013 (CDU, CSU and FDP) had expressed a strong preference for this coalition in the run-up to the election of 2009. Despite their seeming agreement in many policy areas, the coalition formed in 2009 faced tough negotiations and conflicts between the parties from the beginning. The economic crisis the preceding government faced between 2005 and 2009 and unforeseen events during the course of the CDU/CSU–FDP coalition 2009–2013 (e.g. the Euro crisis and the Fukushima environmental disaster) had altered the policy agenda in important ways and rendered the former ‘Christian–Liberal reform project’ obsolete. 相似文献
876.
Thomas Stratmann 《Public Choice》2009,140(3-4):357-377
The apparent ineffectiveness of incumbent campaign spending in congressional elections is one of the enduring puzzles in the political economy literature. Previous work in this area has assumed that advertising prices are uniform across congressional districts, and therefore that campaign spending alone is a good proxy for campaign advertising. However, candidates in different districts face widely different advertising prices and this paper shows that differences in advertising costs are one source of the apparent ineffectiveness of campaign spending. Accounting for the price of advertising, this paper shows that campaign spending is productive for both incumbents and challengers. 相似文献
877.
Politische Vierteljahresschrift - Der Literaturbericht gibt eine Übersicht über die internationale Debatte zur aktuellen innenpolitischen Entwicklung Chinas und zur möglichen... 相似文献
878.
879.
Paul G. Thomas 《Australian Journal of Public Administration》2009,68(4):373-398
This article examines how the Commonwealth Parliament of Australia seeks to hold responsible ministers directly and senior public servants indirectly accountable for the performance of departments and programs on the basis of published performance data and inquiries conducted by parliamentary committees. From the perspective of an outsider, the scrutiny process in the Australian parliament, although not without its problems, is more systematic and substantive than is the case in other parliamentary systems such as Canada. Creating a more meaningful dialogue in the Australian parliament on performance issues will depend more on changes to the intersecting cultures of the legislature, government and the public service than on organisational and procedural reforms to any of those institutions. 相似文献
880.
Although there is strong evidence for the effect of interparental conflict on adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, little is known about the effect on the quality of adolescents' relationships. The current study investigates the link between adolescents' friendships and interparental conflict as reported by both parents and adolescents. It considers early adolescents' emotion regulation ability and attachment security as mediators. The analysis is based on a longitudinal study with two waves separated by 12?months. The participants were 180 two-parent families and their adolescent children (50.5?% girls), the average age of the latter being 10.61?years (SD?=?0.41) at the outset (Time 1). Binomial logistic regression analysis revealed that perceived interparental conflict increased the risk of instability in friendship relationships across the 1-year period. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that the association between perceived interparental conflict and friendship quality was mediated by emotion regulation and attachment security. The discussion focuses on mechanisms whereby interparental conflict influences early adolescents' friendship relationships. 相似文献