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451.
Dan Cunningham Colonel Greg Wilson Major Carlos Padilla Major Doug Zimmerman 《冲突和恐怖主义研究》2013,36(6):477-502
The Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—FARC) was originally founded to protect Colombian peasants from harsh landowner policies in exchange for food and supplies. Over time, it has evolved into an internationally connected, narco-trafficking organization that displays little concern for the peasants it once vowed to protect. In recent years, Colombian authorities have become more adept at countering the FARC, forcing it to operate increasingly outside of Colombia. The FARC's transformation from a local insurgency into an internationally connected one is the focus of this article. Using social network analysis it identifies key leaders who are tied to this transformation and discusses implications concerning the FARC's future. 相似文献
452.
As the architect of racial disparity, racism shapes the vulnerability of communities. Socially vulnerable communities are less resilient in their ability to respond to and recover from natural and human-made disasters compared with resourced communities. This essay argues that racism exposes practices and structures in public administration that, along with the effects of COVID-19, have led to disproportionate infection and death rates of Black people. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index, the authors analyze the ways Black bodies occupy the most vulnerable communities, making them bear the brunt of COVID-19's impact. The findings suggest that existing disparities exacerbate COVID-19 outcomes for Black people. Targeted universalism is offered as an administrative framework to meet the needs of all people impacted by COVID-19. 相似文献
453.
454.
Steve Wilson Jihong Zhao Ling Ren Steven Briggs 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2006,31(1):19-34
Collective bargaining between police management and unions is an important process that determines many aspects of police
work, particularly the monetary benefits for line officers like salary and fringe benefits. Working with limited budgets,
police administrators who engage in collective bargaining are obligated to negotiate with union representatives over wage
benefits while attempting to maintain adequate financial resources toward other police operations. Though students of policing
learn that police unions try very hard to increase economic reward for their members there is limited research on the effectiveness
of their efforts. Since economic benefits are the primary focus of police unions, it is important; therefore, to evaluate
the impact that collective bargaining has on salaries earned by police personnel. This study examines this issue by combining
four waves of the Law Enforcement Management and Administration Statistics for the period 1990–2000. Pooled time series analyses
reveal that large organizations that engaged in collective bargaining had higher minimum wages for officers during the period.
As predicted, collective bargaining did not affect minimum chief’s salaries. 相似文献
455.
Philip Cooke Dan Kaufmann Chen Levin Rob Wilson 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》2006,31(1):115-129
This research derives from an EU DG Enterprise (IPS Programme) project on bio-incubation, called Bio-Link. The Bio-Link project
is innovative in three ways. First, it involves an international comparative analysis of biotechnology incubators of the kind
that is rarely if ever done. Second, the incubator representatives are monitored and investigated by an academic partnership
team. Third, there is a stated aspiration by the incubator companies to engage in co-incubation across borders. Co-incubation
is, as far as we are aware, a new kind of boundary crossing innovation in which advanced start-up businesses are assisted
to enter other national markets and/or benefit from specialised services or scientific, technological, or commercial knowledge
absent in the home country but present in a partner country. Evidence from research on European, Israeli and North American
bioincubators is included to compare, contrast and enable future judgements of incubator appropriateness to biotechnology. 相似文献
456.
457.
This section seeks to provide a brief theoretical framework for the study of citizenship in Latin America by focusing on two characteristics which are of relevance to the essays collected here: belonging and political agency. It then goes on to discuss some key themes which emerge from a reading of the collected articles: methodology; civilisation and deviation; citizenship as the organisation of subordinate inclusion; popular ideas of citizenship as 'fairness'; role of public performance in defining political relationships. 相似文献
458.
Comparison of fingernail ridge patterns of monozygotic twins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ridge patterns on the fingernails of corresponding fingers of a pair of twins were compared microscopically and found to be readily distinguishable from one another. Based on blood grouping in six blood group systems (ABO, Rhesus, Ss, Duffy, Kidd, and Kell), the probability that the twins were monozygotic was calculated to be 89.1%. 相似文献
459.
460.
The Journal of Technology Transfer - This paper focuses on the research behavior of nonprofit firms. In particular, we model process innovation and compare equilibrium research spending under... 相似文献