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551.
This article introduces centrality in covoting networks as a measure of influence. Based on a simple cueing dynamic, it conceptualizes those lawmakers as most central—and thus as having the greatest signaling influence—who impact the greatest number of colleagues' voting decisions. A formal proof and an agent‐based simulation show that cue‐providers are always more central than followers; hence, we can use real‐world voting data to identify the most influential legislators. To confirm the measure's construct validity, we predict covoting centrality in the European Parliament and find those factors that are expected to impact legislators' influence to predict their centrality. 相似文献
552.
Rodney Wilson 《British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies》1998,25(2):235-246
More economists have been involved in Middle Eastern studies during the last twenty‐five years than ever before, and economists from the region itself now rightly play a dominant role. Inevitably amongst economists there have been disagreements and different schools of thought, especially over the role of the state and the desirability of privatization and structural adjustment policies. There have also been different definitions of rentier states, and contrasting analysis of the dynamics of oil pricing and the effects of oil revenue. Much attention has been paid to regional economic integration issues, even though little has been achieved in that field. There is increasing interest in external trade and investment issues, but in a region where poverty persists, economists should perhaps focus more on the basic needs of the poor which are not being met. Applied microeconomic studies should be given greater priority, as macroeconomic issues have been exhaustively covered and debated. 相似文献
553.
Martine B. Powell J. Clare Wilson Catherine M. Croft 《Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology》2000,15(1):27-40
The present paper examined the effect of police uniform on the accuracy of 6- to 8-year-old children's reports about an event
and it explored the roles that interviewer prior knowledge and social status play in mediating any effects of uniform. Two
studies were conducted; in the first study, interviewers wore uniforms that were independent of a forensic context whereas
in the second study, the interviews were conducted by police officers who wore either uniform or civilian clothes. Children
reported more information (accurate, as well as inaccurate) to a police interviewer in civilian clothes compared to uniform.
This finding was found only in the police uniform context. Interviewer's prior knowledge had no impact on the children's reports
in either context. The likely impact of police uniform is discussed.
Authors' Note: Thanks to many teachers, principals and children who volunteered to partake in this project and to Sarah Agnew, Greg Angenent,
Catherine Borg, Sue Connor, Agnes Kalinowski, Joanna Kellis and Vivian Mikhail who assisted in the data collection, coding
and analysis. Thanks also to the members of the Victorian Police (Community Policing Squad) who conducted interviews for this
project, and to Sergeant Lisa McMeeken, and Senior Constable Jennifer Evans of the VATE project who coordinated the police
interviews. 相似文献
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557.
Under the global pressure of information technology, the adoption of web-based technologies in public administration has created a new government-and-citizen interface. However, whether e-government will unambiguously lead to a more transparent, interactive, open and hence, accountable, government remains a central question. Applying a framework of global pressure effects on bureaucratic change, this paper conducts an empirical study on website openness and accountability in fourteen countries. Even when overall accountability levels rise, the accountability gap between different national bureaucracies often remains intact as web-based technologies typically maintain or reinforce the existing practices. The question of whether e-government promotes accountability depends on what kind of bureaucracy one is referring to in the first place. In the current debate about global convergence and national divergence on the effect of globalization on public bureaucracies, the spread of e-government provides a case of convergence in practice rather than in results. 相似文献
558.
This paper provides evidence that interest group activity is negatively related to aggregate stock market performance. In particular, the findings imply that a one percent increase in the number of interest groups in a country is associated with a reduction in average annual stock market returns of roughly 2–5%, and a reduction in the volatility of annual stock returns of roughly 6–14%. In addition, the findings indicate that many of the same fundamentals that drive economic growth also explain stock market performance. 相似文献
559.
Heather Rowe 《Computer Law & Security Report》2003,19(6):490
This article explores an EU Working Party report that examines the role of contractual solutions, such as binding corporate rules, on transfers of personal data to third countries. 相似文献
560.