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排序方式: 共有289条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
271.
272.
Krous HF Haas EA Chadwick AE Masoumi H Mhoyan A Stanley C 《Forensic science international》2008,176(2-3):209-216
A fraction of SIDS cases have death delayed by successful CPR, yet they have not been compared to SIDS cases which were found dead or not successfully resuscitated. Our aims were to: (1) determine the percent of SIDS cases in the San Diego SIDS Research Project database for whom death was delayed by CPR and subsequent life support; (2) compare demographics, circumstances of death and autopsy findings of delayed death SIDS cases (delayed SIDS) with those whose deaths were not delayed (non-delayed SIDS); (3) examine the evolution of pathologic changes in delayed SIDS as a function of survival interval. A retrospective 15-year population-based study of 454 infant deaths attributed to SIDS revealed 29 delayed SIDS cases (Group I) and 425 non-delayed SIDS cases (Group II). Group I cases were significantly older than Group II cases (mean age 132 days vs. 102 days and p<0.0001). Eighty-nine percent of the Group I cases were discovered between 08.00 and 19.59 h; none were found between 00.00 and 07.59 h, compared to 38% of the Group II cases. Group I infants were found significantly more often away from home (at daycare, or at the home of a relative, friend, or baby sitter) than Group II infants (45% vs. 25%, p<0.05). There were no differences between groups with regard to gender, gestational age, type of delivery, bed sharing, URI within 48 h of death, ALTEs, a history of referral to child protective services, body position when placed or found, or face position when found. Pathologic changes were semiquantitatively evaluated; findings were characteristic of anoxic-ischemic injury that generally became more severe with increasing survival intervals. Anoxic-ischemic brain injury was the immediate cause of death in all delayed SIDS cases. Aspiration of gastric contents was identified in Group I cases surviving less than 48 h and was the likely etiology of acute bronchopneumonia occurring in 83% of the Group I cases. We did not identify factors that would reliably predict which SIDS cases might be discovered soon enough to allow earlier and more effective CPR and survival without permanent brain injury. 相似文献
273.
Bram Bekaert Monique Coomans Katleen Knaepen Lucie Larno Nathalie Thijs Elisabeth Vanhoutte Wim Van de Voorde Ronny Decorte 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):119-120
As part of the normal procedure in a forensic DNA laboratory, a quality control step of the amplified DNA is often implemented to ensure the correct amplification of the sample before it is analysed in downstream applications. A validation study was undertaken to investigate a new microchip electrophoresis system (MultiNa, Shimadzu Corporation) claiming high resolution and sensitivity compared to routine polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). An array of STR multiplexes (AmpFISTR™ SGM+, GenePrint® FFFL, PowerPlex™ 16, PowerPlex™ Y, an in-house Y-STR multiplex and AmpFISTR™ Profiler) was tested under both standard and low copy number PCR parameters to evaluate the accuracy, reproducibility and sensitivity of this technique. These tests showed that the microchip system did not have improved sensitivity compared to PAGE though had increased resolution and high reproducibility between samples. 相似文献
274.
Vrij A Leal S Granhag PA Mann S Fisher RP Hillman J Sperry K 《Law and human behavior》2009,33(2):159-166
We hypothesised that the responses of pairs of liars would correspond less with each other than would responses of pairs of
truth tellers, but only when the responses are given to unanticipated questions. Liars and truth tellers were interviewed
individually about having had lunch together in a restaurant. The interviewer asked typical opening questions which we expected
the liars to anticipate, followed by questions about spatial and/or temporal information which we expected suspects not to
anticipate, and also a request to draw the layout of the restaurant. The results supported the hypothesis, and based on correspondence
in responses to the unanticipated questions, up to 80% of liars and truth tellers could be correctly classified, particularly
when assessing drawings.
相似文献
Aldert VrijEmail: |
275.
Despite the high levels of domestic violence (intimate partner violence) against African women, tests of competing theories
on why the practice is common in the region are quite limited. This study evaluates the effects of resources and cultural
factors on attitudes Africans hold about the acceptability of gendered violence, and specifically wife beating (battering).
Answers to these questions are relevant to the discourse on intimate partner violence, at least, as pertains to male-dominated
societies such as those found in Africa. Drawing on national data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey, we explore
these linkages in an African context. Our findings suggest that egalitarian decision-making and equal household contributions
are associated with a reduced acceptance of abusive actions toward women. We suggest that new questions must be asked concerning
the present and future role of men and women within households and the community.
We share equally in the conceptualization, data analysis, and writing of the paper. We thank Drs. Nancy B. Miller and Cheryl
Elman for their helpful comments on this article. 相似文献
276.
Kelly PJ Cheng AL Peralez-Dieckmann E Martinez E 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2009,24(9):1536-1551
The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence and associated behaviors of dating violence among a population of girls in the juvenile justice system. A sample of 590 girls from an urban juvenile justice system completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes and self-efficacy about and occurrence of dating violence. The analysis developed a random effect model to determine a risk profile for dating violence. The strongest predictors of dating violence were (a) initial sexual experience at age 13 or earlier, (b) unwillingness of initial sexual experience, (c) drug use, and (d) low self-efficacy about preventing dating violence. The high prevalence of dating violence and associated behaviors among participants suggests the importance of implementing primary prevention programs to assist preteen girls in delaying initial sexual intercourse and in learning techniques to prevent dating violence. 相似文献
277.
Elisabeth Badenhoop 《Regulation & Governance》2021,15(3):952-968
Surveillance studies have long argued that electronic databases are designed to maximize state surveillance as a “superpanopticon” or “surveillant assemblage.” But how are databases being implemented in practice, and do they actually enhance control? This article addresses these questions by examining the case of the German Central Foreigners Register (Ausländerzentralregister [AZR]). Established in 1953, the AZR was one of the first databases on migrants in the western liberal world, and remains a pillar of Germany's migration control system today. By analyzing internal ministerial records from the 1950s to the 1970s – the time when this database was introduced, expanded, and automatized while still relatively free from legal or public constraints – this article examines whether, or how, databases enhance state control. I argue that the AZR did not provide the “perfect surveillance” it was intended to deliver; rather, it produced major bureaucratic and political challenges and a series of malfunctions. This case study confirms that database surveillance, such as the German AZR in the 1970s and European databases today, depends on three basic conditions: shared expectations regarding data usages, cooperation in data supply, and capacities of data storage and maintenance. Moreover, databases serve the additional symbolic function of reassuring the self-imagination of sovereign, modern state power. 相似文献
278.
MEDICALLY ASSISTED HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ART) AND HUMAN RIGHTS — THE EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
The present article examines how the progress of science, and in particular, medically assisted human reproductive technologies (ART) have provoked a revolution in the sphere of family relations, generating a series of ethical and legal conflicts. The article focuses on the European perspective, without ignoring the international sphere, given the globalization of the phenomenon. The emerging legal issues are analyzed through the filter of international human rights, not only an important aspect to take into consideration in the context of bioethics in general, but a “passage obligé” given that certain concepts find their explanation and coordinates in international human rights law. It is from this perspective that the relationship between ART and human rights is presented. The applicable international and European legal instruments and principles shall be mentioned, as well as a brief comparison of national legal frameworks in Europe. The emerging bioethical and legal issues are examined in correlation with the response of the European Court of Human Rights through its case law aimed at balancing conflicting rights when faced with issues pertaining to ART. Lastly, the article presents in more detail the particular legal issues under debate in France and Italy, two European countries with specific legislation in the field. 相似文献
279.
280.
Vinner E Vignau J Thibault D Codaccioni X Brassart C Humbert L Lhermitte M 《Forensic science international》2003,133(1-2):57-62
The increasing interest in toxicological hair analysis as a marker of human exposure to xenobiotics such as illicit substances or therapeutic drugs, has been made feasible by the extension of mass spectrometry, a highly sensitive method of detection. A newborn exposed to drugs in utero can suffer from a varying degree of withdrawal syndrome, a few days after birth. If of opiate origin, the withdrawal syndrome can be treated with morphine, among other therapeutics, but it is not easy to diagnose because of atypical symptoms presented by neonates and especially when maternal drug addiction has not been revealed. To assess and measure toxicological factors linked with the appearance and the severity of this syndrome, maternal and neonatal matrices such as urine, meconium and hair were collected during a protocol approved by the ethical committee. Opiates in particular were measured with GC-MS and potential combined dependences (cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, LSD and benzodiazepines) and/or substitutive therapeutics (methadone or buprenorphine) were also assessed in 17 mother/neonate couples. Gestational opiate exposure profiles were drawn up and linked with the observed withdrawal syndromes. A withdrawal syndrome seems to appear more frequently after foetal exposure to an association of opiates/substitutive molecules (8 out of 10 withdrawal syndromes observed in this study), although the impact of cocaine and benzodiazepines must also be taken into account. The results obtained in neonatal hair make it possible to affirm foetal drug exposure and are in accordance, for the majority, with the appearance of a neonatal withdrawal syndrome (NWS). Neonatal hair analysis could contribute to assess in utero exposure to opiates, particularly when results in urine and meconium are negative or when these matrices are not available. 相似文献