政治道德建设的新探索--《政德实现论》读后

对政治道德,尤其是对领导干部政治道德问题的研究是时下理论界关注的热点。刘秀芬同志所主持的国家哲学社会科学基金项目及其成果《政德实现论——领导干部政治道德失范及对策研究》一书,面临政治道德建设的新要求、新挑战,在不断总结政治道德研究的基础上,力图从全新的角度深入系统地探索领导干部政治道德失范及其对策,无疑为这一课题的研究进行了大胆的尝试。其突出特色主要集中在以下几方面。首先,选取了一个较新的切入视角。该书以领导干部政治道德失范为切入点所作的探索,可以说是作者的一个创见。这不仅在于领导干部道德失范现象十分…     

加入WTO对我国农业的影响

加入WTO后对我国农业影响最大 ,农业缺乏竞争力 ,农民收入减少 ,农村剩余人口出路 ,流动人口犯罪等问题 ,都值得我们采取有效措施加以解决。     

Mentally disordered offenders in Sweden.

This article reviews the laws in Sweden concerning mentally disordered offenders. It also contains some figures on the relationship between mentally disordered offenders and other offenders sentenced to prison. The rules in Sweden are very different from other countries in that the responsibility concept has been abolished and thus there is no acquittal on a psychiatric basis.     

Surveillance of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies in medicolegal autopsies in Finland--monitoring early changes in HIV-seropositivity among risk groups and average population.

In order to cooperate with voluntary screening programs aimed at the surveillance of the HIV epidemic in Finland, we have studied medicolegal autopsies for HIV antibodies since 1986 using an enzyme immunoassay on postmortem sera. The investigation covered 47.4% and 39.2%, respectively, of all deaths under the age of 65 years in the metropolitan areas of Helsinki and Turku--two cities on the densely populated southern coast of Finland from which most HIV infections have thus far been detected. Nine HIV-positive cases (0.12%) were detected among the 7305 medicolegal autopsies tested in 1986 to 1990. This figure is higher than the prevalence of 0.01 to 0.03% in voluntary screening programs for the general population would suggest. Seven of our cases had previously tested positive, and two were previously unknown cases, indicating that people at high risk are clustered in the medicolegal autopsy series. Of the six cases in an early stage of infection, three committed suicide suggesting the importance of HIV-screening in suicide cases in tracing symptomless HIV carriers. Five of the cases were detected in 1990, a year when the number of new HIV infections had more than doubled compared to the previous two years. This suggests that testing of medicolegal autopsies as surrogate tests for the population gives useful information even in low-prevalence areas like Finland. Such testing has none of the ethical problems of many other back-up surveys, and may be particularly sensitive to early changes in epidemiology.     

Dissecting intramural haematoma of the coronary artery with intimal tears.

A dissecting intramural haematoma of the coronary artery is an infrequent cause of sudden and unexpected death. Most cases are women and in a significant number of these women, the haematoma occurred at term to 80 days postpartum. Because the intimal rupture and communication with the lumen were not found in most of the cases, the site of rupture has been considered to be a vasa vasorum. The authors report on a case of one woman who was at a later postpartum period (106 days). The microscopic finding of the dissected coronary artery revealed two intimal tears in a section. The case showed that the dissecting intramural haematoma of the coronary artery is caused not only by the rupture of the vasa vasorum but also by the rupture of the intima.     

太平天国科举制度是太平天国覆灭的原因之一

太平天国起义后不久即宣布开科取士,说明太平天国领导集团意识到人才对于巩固政权的重要性。太平天国定都后对传统的科举制度进行了颠覆性的改革,如改三年一次乡试为一年四试京试,考试内容弃四书五经改为上帝教教义,实行参考权平等。太平天国对科举制度的改革使太平天国不仅没有网罗到栋梁之才,还遭到了当时文人士子的强烈反对和抵制,成为太平天国最后覆灭的又一原因。太平天国科举考试更多的表现了太平天国领袖的科举情结和对社会的反叛。     

苏共意识形态为什么会发生"一夜之变"

苏共意识形态为何“一夜剧变”,这是苏共时期以来在意识形态领域实施封闭性,以及颂扬斯大林主义的结果。这一历史现象,并不违背马克思主义关于意识形态相对稳定的原理。     

Identification based on medical findings

1. The indications such as the place of finding, the identification of clothes or other personal items, represent only the first step towards the identification of a corpse. 2. An identification based on medical data, other than dental, is often possible, more often than it is believed. 3. The forensic pathologist plays a double role in the case of such an identification: a) in the phase of the inquiry, he must contact the investigators and the families to explain his wishes and the different possibilities of identification. b) he must use the gathered information in the appropriate way. 4. It would be desirable to compose some statistical tables of the various medical elements useful for the identification (mutilations, surgical operations, etc...). We present six cases of identification in our practice.     

Inmates: Who occupies our jails?

The purpose of this investigation was to identify inmate personal and demographic data that may be used to further define or profile persons with a greater likelihood of being at risk for serving a jail sentence. This study was explorative. The survey administration was similar in format to that conducted by the U.S. Department of Justice. Chaplains were used as survey proctors. Pilot studies were conducted to determine the suitability of survey content. Surveys consisted of 172 items. Subjects included four hundred inmates: males comprised 88.75 percent of the sample, Caucasians 58.25 percent, Blacks 37 percent, Hispanics 3.25 percent and other 1.5 percent of the sample. Respondents ranged in age from 15 to 64 years with an average age of 30.3 years. Less than two percent of the contacted inmates refused participation in the survey. Results are presented for demographic data, select legal/criminal data, select drug and alcohol use data, employment data, health, parent/family data, education data, social data, and “other”.     

浅谈起诉书中犯罪事实部分的制作

起诉书中犯罪事实制作的好坏直接影响到起诉书的质量 ,也会影响到办案的质量。本文着重就制作起诉书的犯罪事实时 ,在选材、结构、表达等方面的问题展开论述。