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Rental vacancy rates: A policy primer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eric S. Belsky 《Housing Policy Debate》2013,23(3):793-813
Abstract This article examines how policy makers use rental vacancy rates as indicators of housing market condition. The common practice of assuming that any rental market is in equilibrium when its rental vacancy rate is approximately 5 percent is criticized. Based on theoretical and empirical literature, the case is made that the rental vacancy rate that prevails when the supply and demand for rental units are in balance varies among areas and types of units and is not always 5 percent. The Department of Housing and Urban Development is faulted for not recognizing these variations and, therefore, misusing rental vacancy rates in its formula allocations for the Section 8 and HOME programs. Observed vacancy rates offer meaningful insight into rental market conditions only when they are compared with empirically derived estimates of equilibrium vacancy rates. The methods for estimating these rates, however, are still being refined, and the data needed to derive such estimates are available only for a limited set of metropolitan areas. Other measures are available that policy makers could use to judge the adequacy of low‐income housing supply in local markets, but they are also somewhat problematic. 相似文献
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Rosemary Lyster Eric Coonan 《Review of European Community & International Environmental Law》2009,18(1):38-49
The International Energy Agency has reported that, in 2007, fossil fuels were the source of 66% of global energy production, while the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has found that 60% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004 were carbon dioxide emissions from the stationary energy sector. This article relies on recent case law in Australia to assess the extent to which the precautionary principle is a relevant consideration for development consent authorities determining applications for energy-generation facilities, including coal-fired power stations, coal mines, wind farms and uranium mines. What emerges is that there is really no certainty that the precautionary principle will be applied consistently by Australian courts to determine the legal responsibilities of decision makers assessing energy projects. In this sense, the precautionary principle has taken a thrill ride on the roller coaster of energy and climate law in Australia . 相似文献
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Griffith Michael A. Dubow Eric F. Ippolito Maria F. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2000,29(2):183-204
In this study, we investigated developmental and cross-situational differences in strategies adolescents use to cope with family, school, and peer stressors. We also examined the relation between adolescents' use of coping strategies and two indices of adjustment (self perceptions of their adjustment as a result of coping with the specific stressor and state anxiety). The sample included 148 seventh graders, 124 ninth graders, and 103 twelfth graders (n = 375). Approach coping increased across the three grade levels, especially in relation to family and peer stressors. Adolescents used more avoidance than approach coping strategies for family stressors, and more approach than avoidance strategies for school and peer stressors. Across stressors, approach coping predicted more favorable outcomes and avoidance coping predicted less favorable outcomes. Coping strategies in response to a specific stressor were more strongly predictive of stressor-specific adjustment than state anxiety, suggesting the need to include both stressor-specific and global measures of adjustment in assessing the relation between coping and adjustment. 相似文献
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Self-control, Victimization, and their Influence on Risky Lifestyles: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Panel Data 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Christopher J. Schreck Eric A. Stewart Bonnie S. Fisher 《Journal of Quantitative Criminology》2006,22(4):319-340
This research expands past investigations into the influence of low self-control as a risk factor for criminal victimization. Specifically, we consider two questions: (1) whether low self-control at one point in time can predict future victimization, and (2) whether victims alter lifestyle choices (like their own delinquency and contact with delinquent peers) in response to their earlier victimization. We answered these questions using three waves of adolescent panel data from the evaluation of the Gang Resistance Education and Training program. Our results support the predictions of self-control theory, showing that low self-control measured at an earlier time is associated with later victimization, even after controlling for past victimization, delinquency, social bonds, and delinquent peer contact. Likewise, self-control appears to influence the relationship between earlier victimization and later lifestyles.
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Christopher J. SchreckEmail: |