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891.
Jails are important, yet understudied, components of the American criminal justice system. While most research on correctional
personnel has focused on prisons, a growing body of work is beginning to emerge on jails. This is encouraging given the unique
circumstances that occur within jail environments (e.g., diversity and mobility of offenders, health issues among detainees,
overcrowding, lack of training among staff, etc.). Given these conditions, the staff members who run jails become the glue
that holds them together. The following study contributes to this burgeoning area of empirical inquiry by examining a variety
of antecedents of job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment among jail personnel. Using survey data collected
from a large county correctional system in Orlando, Florida, the findings indicate that staff perceptions of professionalism,
detainee control, and administrative support all significantly impact degrees of job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational
commitment. 相似文献
892.
Eric G. Lambert Karuppannan Jaishankar Shanhe Jiang Sudershan Pasupuleti Jagadish V. Bhimarasetty 《Asian Journal of Criminology》2012,7(3):239-250
Societies control crime through a variety of both formal and informal methods, and the balance between these methods varies widely by culture. This exploratory study surveyed a convenience sample of 434 students attending a university in Andhra Pradesh, India, in order to examine their social control views. Although there was strong support for both forms of social control, informal control mechanisms (family, neighbors/neighborhood, and peers) were more likely to be ranked higher in importance than formal control mechanisms (courts, police, and correctional facilities). Ordinary ordinal regression and ordinary least squares regression results indicated that views on shaming and group punishment were related to the views of formal and informal control. Further research is needed to examine the forces that shape the formal and informal crime control views of Indian citizens. 相似文献
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894.
Charles D. H. Parry Eric Turkheimer Paul L. Hundley Edward Creskoff 《Law and human behavior》1991,15(3):315-324
Legislators and researchers have focused on one aspect of civil commitment: initial commitments. Many patients, however, remain in the hospital after their initial commitment expires and, thus, must be recommitted if they are to remain in involuntary treatment. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data were collected on 374 adults having initial or recommitment hearings during a 3-month period at a large state hospital in Virginia. Respondents in initial commitment hearings were younger and displayed acute symptoms; recommitment respondents were older with symptoms of chronic psychopathology, especially those associated with schizophrenia and organic brain syndrome. The subject of recommitment patients and hearings needs to be a focus of future research efforts to determine whether these differences are reflected in a greater relative gap between the letter and practice of the law in recommitment hearings.This research was supported by grant No. R03 MH44065-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health. The financial assistance of the Institute for Research Development of the Human Sciences Research Council is also acknowledged. This article was written while the first author was a postdoctoral fellow in Clinical Services Research, NIMH grant No. 5T32MH17184-06. 相似文献
895.
Dr. Stan N. Finkelstein Dr. Eric A. von Hippel Mr. Jeffrey R. Scott 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1980,5(1):1-9
This paper is concerned with the impact of the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 and its implications in terms of innovation. With this objective the paper first describes the Medical Device Amendments of 1976. The paper then reports empirical evidence on the sources of a subset of innovations regulated by the Amendment's clinical chemistry diagnostic products. Finally, based on the pattern of innovations found, some thoughts are expressed about the likely effects of the Amendments. 相似文献
896.
Intergroup Prejudice in Multiethnic Settings 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
This article examines how out-group perceptions among Asian Americans, blacks, Latinos, and whites vary with the racial composition of their surroundings. Previous research on the contextual determinants of racial attitudes offers mixed expectations: some studies indicate that larger percentages of proximate out-groups generate intergroup conflict and hostility while others suggest that such environments promote interracial contact and understanding. As most of this research has been directed at black-white relations, the applicability of these theories to a multiethnic context remains unclear. Using data that merge the 1992–1994 Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality and 1990 Census, we find that in neighborhood contexts, interethnic propinquity corresponds with lower levels of out-group prejudice and competition, although intergroup hostility is higher in metropolitan areas with greater minority populations. Further tests suggest that these results do not occur from individual self-selection; rather ethnic spatial and social isolation bolster negative out-group perceptions. These findings suggest the value of residential integration for alleviating ethnic antagonism . 相似文献
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899.
This study analysed the effects of contextual injustice on the moral functioning of soccer players with two goals: (1) to
identify the factors of contextual injustice, moral atmosphere and sensitivity to injustice that significantly predict moral
functioning and (2) to test the hypothesis that sensitivity to injustice has an effect only in unjust contexts. Three hundred
players (from 16 to 40 years old) participated in the study. The analyses indicated a negative and significant effect of contextual
injustice on moral functioning. Sensitivity to injustice was, like moral atmosphere, one of the best predictors of moral functioning.
Moreover, sensitivity to injustice was a significant predictor of moral functioning in both just and unjust contexts. 相似文献
900.