The business judgment rule and other protections for the conduct of not-for-profit directors

The authors review the Business Judgment Rule as applied to a not-for-profit director's duty of care, with particular emphasis on the different forms of state statutory liability shields that serve to enhance the protections of the Rule. They also examine current trends in enforcement of breach of fiduciary duty of care standards, and provide a series of specific recommendations for not-for-profit boards to consider implementing as a means of increasing the likelihood of affording such protections to individuals serving as directors.     

Heroin dependence as a rare cause of symmetrical globus pallidus necrosis

Long-term survival after carbon monoxide intoxication has been accepted for a long time as pathognomonic for elective cerebral tissue damage, especially in cases of isolated symmetrical necrosis of the globus pallidus. The results of old bilateral necrosis in the globus pallidus are described in a case of an acute heroin death after long-term drug abuse. The evaluation of such cerebral changes is discussed as they have to be interpreted as hypoxic or oligemic tissue damage. The different causes of symmetrical necrosis of the globus pallidus that are relevant for legal medicine are compiled and discussed.