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排序方式: 共有396条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
151.
152.
技术社会学研究的兴起与现状 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
早期的技术史家以及科学社会学家从技术的外部宽泛地讨论技术与社会的关系,强调把技术作为一种社会现象,从社会的角度来解释人类的技术活动,其研究成果为技术社会学的形成奠定了必要的基础。20世纪80年代,在S偈研究出现“技术转向”的背景下,一批研究突破了技术与社会的边界,将“技术一社会”视为一个整体化型式,从技术的内部考察技术的社会特征,从而形成技术社会学的三种主要经验研究纲领。进入90年代以后,原有的研究纲领继续得到发展,同时,由于人类学家、化研究等介入技术的社会研究,技术社会学开始演变成一个多元化的跨学科研究领域。 相似文献
153.
Developmental Times of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) at Constant Temperatures and Applications in Forensic Entomology
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Yong‐qiang Yang M.D. Xue‐bo Li M.D. Ru‐yue Shao M.D. Zhou Lyu M.D. Hong‐wei Li M.D. Gen‐ping Li M.D. Lyu‐zi Xu M.M. Li‐hua Wan B.M. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(5):1278-1284
The characteristic life stages of infesting blowflies (Calliphoridae) such as Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) are powerful evidence for estimating the death time of a corpse, but an established reference of developmental times for local blowfly species is required. We determined the developmental rates of C. megacephala from southwest China at seven constant temperatures (16–34°C). Isomegalen and isomorphen diagrams were constructed based on the larval length and time for each developmental event (first ecdysis, second ecdysis, wandering, pupariation, and eclosion), at each temperature. A thermal summation model was constructed by estimating the developmental threshold temperature D0 and the thermal summation constant K. The thermal summation model indicated that, for complete development from egg hatching to eclosion, D0 = 9.07 ± 0.54°C and K = 3991.07 ± 187.26 h °C. This reference can increase the accuracy of estimations of postmortem intervals in China by predicting the growth of C. megacephala. 相似文献
154.
Hongwei Qiao PhD Litao Shao BS Jie Chen PhD Shan Jiang MS Mengxiang Su PhD Peipei Liu MS Bin Di PhD 《Journal of forensic sciences》2023,68(4):1277-1285
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive agent worldwide and has the potential for abuse, but studies monitoring caffeine abuse in China are scarce. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of caffeine abuse in northwest China and investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Fingernail clippings were collected from 376 participants in northwest China to detect caffeine and 13 other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Paired hair and nail samples were collected from 39 participants to investigate the correlation between caffeine and other drugs in hair and nails. The samples were decontaminated, pulverized, and extracted by a high-throughput nail sample preparation method and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed a risk of caffeine abuse in northwest China, with concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 10.6 ng/mg for healthy volunteers, 0.49–246 ng/mg for caffeine abusers, and 0.25–363 ng/mg for drug addicts in community rehabilitation centers. Caffeine was detected together with other illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites. Furthermore, positive detection correlations were found between hair and nail samples. This study provides a current perspective on caffeine abuse in northwest China and demonstrates the practical use of UPLC-MS/MS for the simultaneous detection of caffeine and 13 illicit psychoactive drugs and their metabolites in hair and nails. The results highlight the potential of nails as a supplementary matrix when hair samples are unavailable and emphasize the need for handling caffeine carefully given its potential for abuse. 相似文献
155.
暴力犯罪的案件现场通常会遗留有血迹。现场血迹的形状、物理性质、遗留位置、分布特点等都是血迹形态分析和犯罪现场重建所依据的重要信息。分析和重建工作并非都在现场完成,而是需要将现场搜集的资料带回实验室进行研究和分析。因此,对勘查人员来说,掌握如何利用现场勘查笔录、现场制图、现场照相、现场录像等方法来客观、完整、准确地记录犯罪现场的血迹形态便具有重要的意义。 相似文献
156.
微博的普及使用为公安机关开辟网络前沿阵地带来契机,以公安微博为切入点,公安机关主动关注网络民意导向,积极收集网络社情民意。公安微博的用户数量及分布保证了网络民意的普遍性和代表性,即时传播方式保证了网络民意的实时性和迫切性,双向互动沟通方式保证了网络民意的完整性和真实性。公安微博是民意主导警务的实践创新,在深化警务公开、完善公共服务、汇集社情民意、宣传及塑造警察形象、引导网络舆论方面发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
157.
邵赛慧 《浙江青年专修学院学报》2014,(4):1-7
文章重点研究温州市龙湾城区学校适应性对龙湾区新居民子女的影响。根据现状,分析成因,探索规律,提出改善新居民子女学校适应性的可行性建议。培养他们适应城区学校的学习和生活,促进他们身心健康的成长,成为适应性良好的有一定技能的和有幸福感的社会公民,为体现社会公平公义和解决民生问题提供了现实范本。 相似文献
158.
Flora I. Matheson Amanda Brazil Sherri Doherty Pamela Forrester 《Women & Criminal Justice》2013,23(4):241-255
Female prisoners have extensive trauma histories and complex treatment needs that contribute to their criminality, yet trauma screening and treatment is not widespread in prisons. This article examines qualitative data gathered from face-to-face interviews with 31 female offenders in Canadian prisons. Using a grounded theory approach we demonstrate an unmet need for trauma-specific services for female offenders. These services go beyond trauma-informed practice and treat the psychological and behavioral sequelae of trauma exposure (e.g., mental illness and addictions) to facilitate recovery. The findings suggest that women in prison want and need specific treatment for trauma exposure. Integrating trauma-specific services involves a cultural shift within the prison environment that might be achieved by positioning trauma within the risk–need–responsivity model as an additional risk factor for criminality. Although counter to the public health perspective that trauma is a health concern, it is a way to ensure that trauma becomes part of the battery of care in corrections so that the needs of traumatized women are addressed while they are in custody. This was a unique opportunity to learn about what women would like to help deal with their experiences of trauma. 相似文献
159.
对生物检材进行DNA分型是解决法医遗传学实践中个体识别和亲权鉴定问题的重要步骤,法医学实践中复杂生物检材和复杂亲缘关系鉴定等一直是现有的检测分析技术的难点和挑战。随着DNA技术的发展,新的检测分析技术不断引入到法医遗传学领域,以期提高检测效能。二代测序技术具有测序通量高、成本低等特点,能够获得样本DNA详细序列和相对含量等信息,有助于生物检材的检测和案件的分析。二代测序技术在法医遗传学领域的应用受到广泛关注,相关的应用研究逐渐增多。本文就目前法医遗传学领域借助二代测序技术对遗传标记分析的研究进展进行总结,希望能为相关研究和应用提供参考。 相似文献
160.
犯罪与刑事违法性关系论纲 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
犯罪可以从形式的犯罪、实质的犯罪、司法评价的犯罪三个侧面来加以阐释。形式的犯罪就是罪刑规范;实质的犯罪是全部具体罪刑规范的共同法律本质。两者都是立法者的意志体现。它们本身都没有刑事违法性,只是刑事违法性的判断标准。只有司法评价的犯罪,才存在刑事违法性判断。我国本无刑事违法性的理论,应当创建。只有创建了科学的可操作性的刑事违法性理论,才能既坚持罪刑法定原则,又贯彻"无危害即无犯罪"原则。刑事违法性是司法者评价生活行为事实在客观上是否违反法秩序的步骤和标准。它是犯罪成立条件之一。我国应当对《刑法》第13条赋予新的理论内涵以完成刑事违法性理论的创建。 相似文献