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21.
22.
Within current neo-liberal approaches to development, models of community-driven development assume that community-based workers (CBWs) are key actors in improved and accessible service delivery. We argue that use of CBWs is under-theorised and seems to be based largely on untested assumptions about community participation and responsibility. Drawing on case studies on potable-water management and home-based care for HIV/AIDS patients in Tanzania and South Africa, the article explores issues of accountability, professionalism, and personal motivations in systems involving CBWs. It argues that many assumptions in relation to the effectiveness of CBW programmes require re-visiting. 相似文献
23.
Major campaign donors are highly concentrated geographically. A relative handful of neighborhoods accounts for the bulk of
all money contributed to political campaigns. Public opinion in these elite neighborhoods is very different from that in the
country as a whole and in low-donor areas. On a number of prominent political issues, the prevailing viewpoint in high-donor
neighborhoods can be characterized as cosmopolitan and libertarian, rather than populist or moralistic. Merging Federal Election
Commission contribution data with three recent large-scale national surveys, we find that these opinion differences are not
solely the result of big-donor areas’ high concentration of wealthy and educated individuals. Instead, these neighborhoods
have a distinctive political ecology that likely reinforces and intensifies biases in opinion. Given that these locales are
the origin for the lion’s share of campaign donations, they may steer the national political agenda in unrepresentative directions. 相似文献
24.
In this study, we randomly assigned 123 sixth and seventh grade classrooms from seven middle schools in the greater Cleveland
area to one of two five-session curricula addressing gender violence/sexual harassment (GV/SH) or to a no-treatment control
group. A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys were administered immediately after the treatment (Wave 2) and about six
months post-treatment (Wave 3). In an earlier paper, we demonstrated the effectiveness of two approaches to youth GV/SH prevention
programming (a fact-based, law and justice curriculum and an interaction-based curriculum). In this paper, we explored whether
these largely positive findings remain for both girls and boys, including whether girls experience higher levels of GV/SH
than boys. Most of our statistical models proved to be non-statistically significant. However, in 2 of our 48 victimization/perpetration
(any violence, sexual violence and non-sexual violence) models (across two post-intervention follow-up points), we observed
that the interventions reduced peer (male or female, non-dating partner) sexual violence victimization and reduced peer perpetration,
but another outcome model indicated that the interventions increased dating perpetration. These mixed findings will need to
be explored further in future research. Regarding our primary research question, we observed no statistically significant
differences for the treatment multiplied by gender interaction terms for any of the perpetration or victimization outcome
models, suggesting that the treatment had similar effects on girls and boys. However, we did observe that boys are more involved
in violence than girls: both as victims and perpetrators. Boys experienced significantly more of three types of victimization
from peers and dating partners compared to what girls experienced at the hands of their peers and dating partners. As perpetrators,
boys committed more sexual victimization against peers (immediately post-intervention only) and more sexual victimization
against dating partners than girls. The implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
25.
Frances P. Bernat 《Women & Criminal Justice》2013,23(3):251-266
Resilience research requires attention to the factors that promote youth development and success. Youth success is associated with youth having adults in their lives who care about them and set high expectations for them to succeed; oftentimes these adults are presumed to be the children's parents. Because youth spend a great deal of time in schools, school settings may be a place where youth resilience can be fostered. In 2004, 6th-grade youth in 5 schools in Maricopa County, Arizona, were surveyed to determine if they had factors to promote their resilience. In these schools, teachers had been trained by an agency called Kids at Hope. Kids at Hope presupposes that “all children are capable of success, no exceptions” and offers an alternative paradigm to kids at risk. The results of this research show that youth who believe that they are successful and who are optimistic about themselves and their schools are more likely to find their schools to be places where they can be successful and optimistic. 相似文献
26.
This essay examines historical and contemporary connections between Buddhist and medical traditions through a study of the
Accomplishing Medicine (sman sgrub) practice and the Yuthok Heart Essence (G.yu thog snying thig) anthology. Accomplishing Medicine is an esoteric Buddhist yogic and contemplative exercise focused on several levels of
“alchemical” transformation. The article will trace the acquisition of this practice from India by Tibetan medical figures
and its assimilation into medical practice. It will propose that this alchemical practice forms the central nexus of connection
between Tibetan medicine and the Buddhist Nyingma tradition, and that this little-studied link is not a marginal feature of
Tibetan medicine but rather one that has had a significant shaping factor on each tradition throughout history. 相似文献
27.
Obasaju MA Palin FL Jacobs C Anderson P Kaslow NJ 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2009,24(1):38-53
An ecological model is used to explore the moderating effects of community-level variables on the relation between childhood sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and adult intimate partner violence (IPV) within a sample of 98 African American women from low incomes. Results from hierarchical, binary logistics regressions analyses show that community-level variables (perceived neighborhood disorder and community cohesion) moderated the relation between childhood emotional abuse and adult physical IPV. Findings support the use of an ecological approach in examining the phenomena of revictimization. Clinical implications from a community and ecological perspective are discussed. 相似文献
28.
This paper summarizes the broad foundations of the changing nature of parenthood by examining trends in coresidence with children under age 15. Our study uses data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) to provide a portrait of demographic parenthood in the US over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In describing changes in parenthood over the past 110 years, we distinguish between those living with own children and those living with other children. We focus in particular on changes in gender patterns of coresidential parenthood and changes in the likelihood that divorced men and women live with children. We also examine the impact of the baby boom on parenting. Our findings support a recasting of ongoing discussions of the parental roles of American men and women by shifting the historical demographic focus from biological transitions to the social aspects of parenting. 相似文献
29.
Stroud Catherine B. Chen Frances R. Curzi Blair E. Granger Douglas A. Doane Leah D. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2020,49(1):283-298
Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Cognitive interpretations of stressful events impact their implications for physiological stress processes. However, whether such interpretations are related to... 相似文献
30.
Frances E. Zollers JD 《The Journal of Technology Transfer》1989,14(1):26-31
The debate over scientific issues has made a difficult transition from the scientific community to the public-polity process.
The traditional view of scientists undertaking “pure” science in their laboratories did not envision government intervention
into scientific and technological discovery through administrative agency regulation of risks associated with the results
of such research. Yet examples of government regulation of technological risks abound as the nation grapples with nuclear
power issues, new-drug testing, and environmental issues, to name a few. This paper considers whether the presently constituted
regulatory apparatus is capable of responding to dramatic advances in technology in a timely and effective way. Concluding
that it is not, the paper examines the circumscribing characteristics of the regulatory process. Then it discusses alternate
approaches for regulating the risks posed by science and technology without doing too much violence to due process or the
notion of public participation in the regulatory function. 相似文献