邓小平社会主义本质论新探

邓小平社会主义本质论揭示了社会主义是本质与特征的统一、生产力与生产关系的统一、目标与过程的统一,创造性地指出社会主义本质是有层次的,社会主义的实现是一个长期过程,重新强调生产力目标、价值目标与马克思主义的科学方法论,把对社会主义的认识提高到一个新的水平。     

新经济增长周期形势下中部崛起特点分析

中部地区在改革开放后的很长一段时间里经济建设滞后于东部沿海地区,在中央实行西部大开发和振兴东北老工业等政策后,中部地区的发展问题被提上日程。在新一轮经济增长周期到来的时刻,中部地区必须抓住这一难得的历史机遇,加快经济发展力度,努力实现中部地区的崛起。     

印度对欧经贸关系浅析

印度独立后十分重视发展与欧洲国家的关系。上世纪90年代后,双方的关系得到了极大的提升,建立了一系列的合作机制,如印欧首脑会议和印欧工商高峰会议等,在第五届印欧首脑会议上,双方还确立了建立战略性伙伴关系的目标。目前,欧盟是印度最大的贸易伙伴,2004年,印度和欧盟双边贸易额达到了历史性的332亿欧元。虽然双方的合作仍有不少的制约因素,但双方的合作前景相当广阔。     

心因性精神障碍与犯罪行为（附5例报告）

目前，在司法精神病学鉴定中，尚缺乏心因性精神障碍与犯罪行为关系方面的报告。本文统计了我院自１９８８年至１９９１年司法精神病学鉴定案例，其中心因性精神障碍案例占６．２％，本文报告了其中５个典型案例，并就心因性精神障碍与犯罪行为之间的关系及其责任能力的判定进行了讨论。     

Ethics of Emotions as Ethics of Human Rights: A Jurisprudence of Sympathy in Adorno, Horkheimer and Rorty

This article considers in a different light the relationship between legal theory and ethics by means of an interpretation of the thought of Adorno and Horkheimer, and of the writings of Richard Rorty, as two moments of a marginal stream of ethics of passions that runs beneath the history of rationalist Western philosophy. It departs from the critique of Modernity as a dialectic of barbarism and civilisation, and from a genealogy of Auschwitz that finds its antecedents in Kantian morality. It also characterises modern culture as one of apathy and bourgeois stoicism, and establishes a link between the cold modern ethos and the dynamics of Nazi hardness. The article turns then to a consideration of some of the responses to the comprehensive crisis of Modernity: the imperative ‘Auschwitz never again’, Adorno’s ‘general enlightenment’ and Horkheimer’s ethics of sympathy. Finally it reflects upon Rorty’s proposal of sentimental education as an effective strategy to foster a human rights culture in Postmodernity, with the aim of bridging the tradition of moral sentiments and contemporary struggles for human rights. I am very grateful to Costas Douzinas, Sonia Romero, Shaun Haselhurst, David-Alexander Smith, José Bellido and the two anonymous referees for their comments, and to Alexander García-Düttman for his suggestions. This text is dedicated to Paul Gready.     

关于保险费的几个问题

保险费是保险人的收入来源 ,支付保费是投保人的基本义务。我国《保险法》、《海商法》等无对此作出了不少规定 ,但在立法及现实操作中还存在不少疑点。一、保险费支付的性质界定《保险费》第 13条规定 :合同成立后 ,投保人按照约定支付保险费。保险费的支付发生于保险合同成立后。显然保费的支付不是合同成立要件 ,但有人认为保费的支付是保险合同生效要件 ,保费支付时保险合同才发生效力。在我国《合同法》制定以前 ,我国法律体系并未明确区分合同成立与生效。《保险费》亦仅仅规定保险合同成立 ,而未规定生效。那么 ,保费的支付是合同的…     

Advancing police use of force research and practice: urgent issues and prospects

Leading police scholars and practitioners were asked to reflect on the most urgent issues that need to be addressed on the topic of use of force. Four themes emerged from their contributions: use of force and de-escalation training needs to improve and be evaluated; new ways of conceptualizing use of force encounters and better use of force response models need to be developed; the inequitable application of force, and how to remediate biases, needs to be more fully understood; and misconceptions about police use of force need to be identified and corrected. The highlighted topics serve as an agenda for future research. Such research should provide greater insight into when, where, and why force is used by police officers, and how it can be applied appropriately. If implemented, the practical recommendations included in the contributions should have a positive impact on police performance, public trust and confidence in the police, and citizen and officer safety.     

DNA-based and taxonomic identification of forensically important Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in southeastern Spain

Studying dipterans at the scene of a death can provide essential information for interpreting the evidence and help to reconstruct the events happened to a corpse in the past. Molecular tools have been employed for identification at specific levels in the cases of cryptic species or poorly conserved specimens. Identification of specimens is essential in forensic entomology since each species has a specific growth rate, which determines the calculation of the minimum post mortem interval (minPMI). In addition, phylogeographic reconstruction within a species can help to differentiate the haplotypes from a geographic area, thereby helping to clarify the possible relocation of a corpse. The morphological identification of Sarcophagidae species is often difficult, especially for the females. This is an important Diptera family since some of its species are among the first to reach a corpse, especially in warm areas. In this study, we compared the sarcophagids found in human corpses in forensic cases in Alicante (southeast of Spain) with specimens collected from baited traps in the same area and surrounding provinces. In total, 189 specimens were collected, comprising 72 from forensic cases and 117 from baited traps. Molecular identification was conducted by sequencing the cox1 mitochondrial gene and analyzing the sequences using ABGD, GMYC, and BIN species delimitation methods. The median joining algorithm in the PopART program was used to construct phylogeographic networks. Eight species in the family Sarcophagidae were identified. The most widely collected species were Sarcophaga argyrostoma and Sarcophaga tibialis. The haplotype networks obtained for these species did not indicate a clear geographic distribution of haplotypes. The S. argyrostoma samples from Alcoy were clearly isolated. The results demonstrated that this method is useful for identifying Sarcophagidae samples in forensic investigations and it can be employed for minPMI estimation.