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21.
Alan J. Litrownik Rae Newton Wanda M. Hunter Diana English Mark D. Everson 《Journal of family violence》2003,18(1):59-73
This study examines the contribution of specific types of family violence exposure (e.g., victim vs. witness; physical vs. psychological) to aggressive and anxious/depressed problem behaviors in young (i.e., 6-year-old) at-risk children. This multisite prospective study of 682 children from four different regions of the country asked mothers and their 6-year-old children to report on violence exposure in their families. After controlling for mother reports of child problem behaviors on the Child Behavior Checklist at Age 4, it was found that subsequent exposure to family violence predicted reported problem behaviors at Age 6. Although mothers' report of child victimization predicted subsequent problem behaviors, witnessed violence was related to these problems only when both mothers and children reported its occurrence. The results of this study suggest that even though there was a relationship between witnessed and directly experienced family violence, both had independent, noninteractive effects on subsequent behavior problems. 相似文献
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Gavin M. Lee Robert M. Bohm Lynn M. Pazzani 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》2014,39(3):642-659
This study tests the three hypotheses derived from the written opinion of Justice Thurgood Marshall in Furman v Georgia in 1972. Subjects completed questionnaires at the beginning and the end of the fall a semester. Experimental group subjects were enrolled in a death penalty class, while control group subjects were enrolled in another criminal justice class. The death penalty class was the experimental stimulus. Findings provided strong support for the first and third hypotheses, i.e., subjects were generally lacking in death penalty knowledge before the experimental stimulus, and death penalty proponents who scored “high” on a retribution index did not change their death penalty opinions despite exposure to death penalty knowledge. Marshall’s second hypothesis--that death penalty knowledge and death penalty support were inversely related--was not supported by the data. Two unexpected findings were that death penalty proponents who scored “low” on a retribution index also did not change their death penalty opinions after becoming more informed about the subject, and that death penalty knowledge did not alter subjects’ initial retributive positions. Suggestions for future research are provided. 相似文献
24.
The eightieth anniversary of the Beveridge inquiry is a timely moment to consider how the landmark report is used within contemporary UK politics. Calls for a ‘new Beveridge’ reflect a desire for a rupture with the past and the creation of a radical new welfare consensus. But this reflects a misunderstanding: Beveridge's approach was organic in nature, building on decades of experimentation, politically contested rather than consensual, and intellectually pluralist rather than moored to a single ideological worldview. The real insight Beveridge offers us today flows not from his substantive agenda—which was rooted in a particular set of historic circumstances—but as an approach to securing social reform. Successful welfare advances over the last generation have drawn on these ‘Beveridgean instincts’. Rather than calling for a new twenty-first century blueprint to be handed down from above, reformers should build on experimentation and successful incremental change, from within the UK and abroad. 相似文献
25.
Gavin Phillipson 《The Modern law review》2016,79(6):1064-1089
This article analyses the Article 50 TEU debate and the argument that for the UK Government to trigger the formal withdrawal process without explicit parliamentary authorisation would be unlawful, because it would inevitably result in the removal of rights enjoyed under EU law and the frustration of the purpose of the statutes giving those rights domestic effect. After a brief survey of Article 50, this article argues first of all that the power to trigger Article 50 remains within the prerogative, contesting Robert Craig's argument in this issue that it is now a statutory power. It then suggests a number of arguments as to why the frustration principle may be of only doubtful application in this case, and in doing so it re‐examines one of the key authorities prayed in aid of it ‐ the Fire Brigades Union case. 相似文献
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27.
Jenkins SR Mitchell JL Baird S Whitfield SR Meyer HL 《Journal of interpersonal violence》2011,26(12):2392-2412
Should counselors with interpersonal trauma histories work with similarly traumatized clients? How does the work affect them? Current research is inconsistent. This study examines 101 sexual assault and domestic violence counselors' recalled motivations for trauma work, their reported subjective personal changes, and their secondary and vicarious trauma symptoms and burnout. Counselors motivated by interpersonal trauma report both more symptoms and positive changes (including dealing with their own trauma). Those seeking personal meaning report becoming more hypervigilant and self-isolating. Those saying they learned from clients rate symptoms lower, suggesting stress inoculation. Supervisors of trauma counselors should facilitate learning from clients separately from processing the counselor's trauma. 相似文献
28.
Lonna Rae Atkeson Alex N. Adams Lisa A. Bryant Luciana Zilberman Kyle L. Saunders 《Political Behavior》2011,33(1):161-178
Telephone surveys have been a principle means of learning about the attitudes and behaviors of citizens and voters. The single
mode telephone survey, however, is increasingly threatened by rising costs, the declining use of landline telephones, and
declining participation rates. One solution to these problems has been the introduction of mixed-mode surveys. However, such
designs are relatively new and questions about their representativeness and the intricacies of the methodology remain. We
report on the representativeness of a post election mixed-mode (Internet and mail) survey design of 2006 general election
voters. We compare sample respondent means to sample frame means on key demographic characteristics and examine how mail and
Internet respondents differed in terms of attitudes, behaviors and demographics. We find that overall the Internet respondents
were representative of the population and that respondent choice of mode did not influence item response. We conclude that
mixed-mode designs may allow researchers to ask important questions about political behavior from their desktops. 相似文献
29.
This paper explores the characteristics of local drugs markets through the examination of a single London borough case study.
The picture that emerges in a borough not known for having a ‘drugs problem’ is of an entrenched, thriving and widespread
drugs economy. Crucially, it is embedded within the local communities. Most worryingly, crack cocaine is being dealt in 15
out of 16 wards, with the front-line dealing predominantly carried out by youths as young as 15. Indeed, there are signs that
the market has reached saturation point, while law enforcement merely scratches the surface. These findings reinforce the
view that studies of organised crime must be sensitive to the local impacts of global markets, and that public policy debates
about the responses to illegal drugs markets must be renewed and refreshed. 相似文献
30.
Yin-Lan Soon Natasha Rae Daria Korobanova Calum Smith Claire Gaskin Carolynn Dixon 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2018,29(5):705-716
Diversion away from the criminal justice system and into mental health treatment services is a key strategy for addressing the well-established burden of mental illness suffered by those presenting to court. While mental health courts, court liaison and court diversion services have been developed in many jurisdictions internationally, there is limited research evidence to support their effectiveness in identifying those with mental health need and achieving successful diversion. The Statewide Community and Court Liaison Service in New South Wales, Australia, identifies mentally ill offenders likely to meet legal eligibility criteria for diversion at the busiest local courts across the state. Utilising data collected by mental health clinicians working in the service, 8317 individuals were identified as being eligible for court diversion on at least one occasion during the study period (1 July 2008 and the 30 June 2015) and 57.3% were subsequently diverted by Magistrates. Successful diversion at this first step was associated with being female, older, of non-Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander background, and having a serious mental illness, replicated when stratified by sex and by Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander background. There may be barriers to mental health diversion at court for individuals with particular socio-demographic characteristics which future service developments may need to take into account. 相似文献