Rape-myth congruent beliefs in women resulting from exposure to violent pornography: effects of alcohol and sexual arousal

Previous research findings indicate that women suffer a variety of detrimental effects from exposure to violent pornography. This study used an experimental paradigm to examine the effects of a moderate alcohol dose and alcohol expectancies on women's acute reactions to a violent pornographic stimulus. A community sample of female social drinkers (N = 134) read an eroticized rape depiction after completing an alcohol administration protocol. As predicted, intoxicated participants were less likely to label the depicted events as rape than their sober counterparts. A path analytic model illustrated that participants' self-reported sexual arousal to the stimulus, as influenced by alcohol consumption and expectancies, resulted in increased rape myth congruent perceptions of the victim and decreased labeling of the incident as rape. Findings suggest that acute alcohol intoxication during violent pornography exposure may ultimately result in women developing more calloused attitudes toward rape and rape victims.     

The EU After Merkel

The departure of German Chancellor Angela Merkel from politics signals the end of an era for Germany and the EU. After 16 years, the duration of Merkel's tenure, a void has been left. At the last meeting of the European Council she attended on October 22, President Charles Michel described Merkel as a "monument" and said summits without the long-time chancellor would be like Paris without the Eiffel Tower.     

The True Spirit Of Olympism

正Asia will capture the attention of the world in the next few months. Starting in Tokyo,Japan,in late July and continuing in Beijing,China,in February 2022,the Olympic and Paralympic Summer and Winter Games will gather top athletes from nations around the world and bring unforgettable,emotional moments to the international community. The Beijing 2022 Games,however,have not avoided politicization. Calls for boycotts have been made in the West,including by the European Parliament.     

Peace and Prospects in Afghanistan

正The bigger China gets,the bigger its international responsibilities do,too.The Chinese Government values stability in global affairs as a matter of principle.Its contribution to this stability,however,entails several challenges,as well as the occasional journey into uncharted waters.     

A Continuous Fight

After eradicating absolute poverty,China rises to new challenges China’s herculean task in alleviating poverty has borne results.As UN Secretary General António Guterres said when addressing the Beijing Forum in December 2020 via video link,"China has been a leader[in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals]"by helping hundreds of millions of people get out of poverty.In Guterres’words,that was"the greatest anti-poverty accomplishment in history."     

Examining the Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Race Relations on Public Opinion about the Overrepresentation of Black People in U.S. Prisons

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine whether persons of different racial/ethnic backgrounds differ in their perceptions of the role racial discrimination plays in the overrepresentation of Black people in the U.S. prison system. The paper also tested the gradient hypothesis of comparative conflict theory, which predicts Black people perceive the greatest amount of racial discrimination, followed by Latinx and white people, respectively. This study also tested whether perceptions of race relations between Black, Latinx, and white people influenced the role participants thought racial discrimination played in Black people’s overrepresentation. Nationally representative Gallup Poll data were used. Results partially supported the gradient hypothesis. Black people were more likely than Latinx and white people to perceive racial discrimination to explain Black people’s overrepresentation in prison, but Latinxs’ views did not differ from whites’. Participants who perceived poorer relations between Black, Latinx, and white people were more likely to consider racial discrimination to explain Black people’s overrepresentation. Findings suggest Black people and those who perceive poorer race relations are most likely to support criminal justice reform efforts aimed at reducing racial disparities in the criminal justice system.