公务员创新行为:文献述评与研究展望

创新行为俨然成为公务员适应新时代高素质干部队伍建设要求的典型行为模式,以及公共部门适应职能转变和服务再造要求的内生动力。本研究基于对已有研究的系统梳理与深入分析,构建了一个系统的公务员创新行为研究框架。本研究从公私部门成员创新行为差异及争议切入,围绕公务员创新行为的概念内涵、多层次影响因素及复杂作用机制进行系统回顾并展开评述,呈现新制度主义理论、自我决定理论等在公务员创新行为塑造中的深层逻辑。在此基础上,本研究展望未来方向:(1)以回应跨国文化背景、科层制组织特征、现实工作场景实现公务员创新的情境化研究;(2)在新时代中国场景中实现公务员创新行为的量表开发、跨层次系统性形成机理探索;(3)拓展公务员创新行为的效能机制研究,实现微观层面行为创新与中观层面组织创新、宏观层面政策创新的呼应衔接。     

Shared‐equity mortgages,housing affordability,and homeownership

Abstract

Although the homeownership rate rose from 65 percent in 1995 to 69 percent in 2005, this rise appears difficult to sustain. We argue that the development of new shared‐equity mortgages (SEMs) that blur the lines between debt and equity would propel further advances in homeownership. The rationale for these mortgages is that the broad financial markets would value shares in individual housing returns more highly than hard‐pressed prospective homeowners do.

We describe a new class of SEMs and provide survey evidence that most households would prefer them to interest‐only and other currently popular mortgages. Financial simulations confirm the value of the securitized SEMs to investors. We present computations suggesting that an increase in the overall U.S. homeownership rate of between 1% and 1.5% would likely result from the development of SEM markets.     

Sudpolitik: the political economy of Taiwan's trade with Southeast Asia

Abstract

In December 1993 the Taiwan government adopted a policy called nanjin zhengce or sudpolitik, a policy aimed at diverting part of Taiwan's trade and investment flows from China to Southeast Asia. This paper addresses the following questions: what is sudpolitik? why adopt such a policy? what are the economic, political, and strategic considerations in the pursuit of this policy? which countries are its specific targets? how do the countries directly affected by this policy respond to it? The paper also discusses the issue of Taiwan's aid in connection with sudpolitik. While the effectiveness of the policy is far from clear at present, the paper concludes with four observations: Taiwan's trade and aid are beginning to intertwine; Taiwan's diplomacy is largely economically or commercially led; Taiwan has achieved some positive results in improving its relations with Southeast Asian countries; and, Taiwan has reached a new stage in its economic development whereby it needs to invest overseas in order to sustain its economic growth. Overall, sudpolitik represents a novel step in Taiwan's diplomatic practice.     

Negative Weights for Performance Measures

ABSTRACT

Quantitative performance measurement is a controversial idea in the public sector. This paper argues that management by measurement is sensible if the measurement methods have a sufficient quality. In particular, quantitative performance measures have to address problems of gaming and monitoring intensity. I look at the assignment of negative weights to poor, but informative, performance measures even if these measures have a positive correlation with the non-contractible performance objective. In a simple agency relationship, I show how a poor measure with negative weight can serve as an indicator for manipulation. However, the benefits derived from a negative weight may come at the price of increased measurement risk. Healthcare and research organizations provide examples of how negative weights can improve performance measurement.     

刑释人员社会保障问题之我见

在构建和谐社会的大环境下，以人为本已成为时代的主旋律，要求把尊重人作为发展的根本准则，把为了人作为发展的根本目的。为此，针对当前社会发展中面临的突出问题，中央领导同志高屋建瓴地提出了“把刑释解教人员的重新犯罪率作为衡量监管工作的首要标准”的新要求，是科学发展观的继承与发扬。     

父母侵害胎儿权益问题研究

胎儿的民事权益应当得到保护，侵害胎儿权益也应当承担相应的民事责任。但父母能否成为侵害胎儿权益的主体，以及父母实施的何种行为可以构成侵权行为，在法理上及实践中均存在着较大争议。为了实现胎儿权益保护和家庭伦理保护之间的平衡，应当从是否婚生，是否存在故意，以及是否使用暴力等几个方面来综合考虑。此外，父母对损害发生与有过失应考虑适用过失相抵，父母的允诺应能构成阻却违法的事由。     

战略机遇期中国高等教育改革走向

战略机遇期，中国高等教育面临着新机遇和新挑战，高等教育如何适应这种变化，非常重要的举措是改革、创新。因此，要根据中国高等教育改革的阶段性特征，正确评价高等教育改革取得的成就，构建起科学的改革框架，明确改革的根本任务。     

权力对象集束化的逆选择——群体性事件成因分析

群体性事件不能简单视之为非理性行为,它是权力对象仿照国家权力运行体制而进行的自发性集束,是制度设计的中介组织不能反映甚至阻断权力对象个体的利益诉求时,权力对象个体促使权力行使的模式。权力对象自发集束化的根源在于权力和权力对象个体权利的矛盾,是权力对象个体促使权力运行,自身权利实现的博弈选择。然而权力对象个体利益诉求以集束形式出现时,权力主体被迫参与博弈,却又陷入了博弈对象选择的困境：合法的组织没有代表性,有代表性的组织没有合法性。     

奥巴马当政一年话得失

奥巴马总统当政一年了。他接受了前任留下的一场危机、两场战争，也可以说是临危授命。他在竞选中高举变革的旗帜，许下了许多诺言，这些承诺在头一年里兑现得怎样？在他上任一年之际，我们来进行一个大致的盘点。