Cultural Stressors and Mental Health Symptoms Among Mexican Americans: A Prospective Study Examining the Impact of the Family and Neighborhood Context

Studies of stress consistently have linked individuals’ experiences of stress to maladjustment, but limited attention has been given to cultural stressors commonly experienced by minority individuals. To address this, the current study examined the links between cultural stressors and prospective changes in mental health symptoms in a sample of 710 (49 % female) Mexican American youth. In addition, the moderating role of both family and neighborhood cohesion was examined. In-home interviews were completed with youth, mothers (required) and fathers (optional) to collect data on youth’s experiences of cultural stressors (discrimination and language hassles) and internalizing/externalizing behavior, and mothers’ report of family cohesion and mothers’ and fathers’ report of neighborhood cohesion. Analyses revealed that youth’s experiences of discrimination and language hassles at 5th grade were related positively to increases in internalizing symptoms at 7th grade. Additionally, youths who reported higher levels of language hassles in 5th grade experienced increases in externalizing symptoms across the 2-year span. Both family and neighborhood cohesion emerged as significant moderating factors but their impact was conditional on youth’s gender and nativity. Limitations and future implications are discussed.     

柔嫩艾美球虫杨凌株表面抗原SAG10基因的克隆与原核表达

从柔嫩艾美球虫第二代裂殖子总RNA中扩增EtSAG10基因,与pGEM-T Easy载体连接后转化大肠杆菌(E.coli)DH5α,筛选阳性克隆,扩增不含N端信号肽的编码序列,分别插入表达载体pET-32a( )和pMAL-c2X,转化至E.coliRosetta,以IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,pET-32a( )-EtSAG10在E.coliRosetta中的表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的43%,融合蛋白分子质量约为47 ku,以包涵体形式存在;而pMAL-c2X-EtSAG10在E.coliRosetta中表达的重组蛋白为可溶性,表达产物约占菌体总蛋白的35%,融合蛋白分子质量约为69 ku。以表达的可溶性EtSAG10重组蛋白100μg/只肌肉注射免疫雏鸡,攻虫后以盲肠病变计分、盲肠卵囊数(OPG)、相对增重率和抗球虫指数(ACI)评价,免疫组相对盲肠卵囊产量为47.7%,抗球虫指数由86.79提高至152.13。提示,重组表达的EtSAG10可诱导雏鸡产生一定的抗球虫免疫保护。     

茜草素的抗菌活性与药效试验

用化学合成的茜草素做了体外抑菌试验、体内抗菌活性试验、人工感染猪多杀巴氏杆菌疗效试验、急性毒性试验及临床治疗试验。结果表明,茜草素在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、大肠埃希氏菌、绿脓杆菌、沙门菌和克雷伯氏菌等均有显著的抑制作用,对后4种病原菌的抑制作用超过了六茜素。在小白鼠体内对大肠埃希氏菌也有非常显著的抗菌作用。对人工感染多杀巴氏杆菌的患病仔猪有显著的治疗作用。小白鼠腹腔注射茜草素的LD50为336 mg/kg。茜草素对临床型乳牛乳腺炎的治愈率为87.5%,总有效率为100%。     

Elite Influence? Religion and the Electoral Success of the Nazis

In Weimar Germany, the Catholic Church vehemently warned ordinary parishioners about the dangers of extremist parties. We establish that constituencies' religious composition is a key empirical predictor of Nazi vote shares—dwarfing the explanatory power of any other demographic or socioeconomic variable. Even after carefully accounting for observational differences, Catholics were far less likely to vote for the NSDAP than their Protestant counterparts. The evidence suggests that this disparity was, in large part, due to the sway of the Catholic Church and its dignitaries. At the same time, we show that attempts to immunize Catholics against the radical left failed to achieve the desired result. To explain the puzzling asymmetry in the Church's influence at the ballot box, we develop a simple theoretical framework of elite influence in electoral politics.     

A view from below: industrial re-structuring and women's employment at four Russian enterprises

The labor market in Russia has changed significantly during the last decade. This transformation has resulted in notable changes in employment and unemployment patterns, and in labor mobility, flexibility and insecurity. One critical question is whether these changes signal important differences in labor market outcomes by gender. The approach taken here is to focus on the Russian industrial enterprise. In our study, we find that women experience different internal labor market opportunities and external job prospects than men and those differences in experience are reflected in the actual hiring practices at our firms, with men substituting for women, and women finding it particularly difficult to negotiate the increasingly closed labor market in Russia. At the same time important differences persist among women, differences that do not exist for men.     

对网络问责实施的理性思考

网络问责作为一种新兴的行政问责方式，是传统行政问责制的重要补充方式之一。因此我们要理性思索其利弊，从而因势利导，积极发挥网络问责的优势，为建设责任政府、法治政府、服务政府服务，更好地促进中国民主政治的发展。